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Assessment > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

Mini mental state exam

A

Most widely used

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2
Q

Mini cog

A

3 unrelated words
Clock face

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3
Q

Glasgow coma scale

A

3 is the lowest
15 highest score
Scores on eyes, verbal, and motor to stimuli

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4
Q

Peds mental health

A

Edinburgh for PPD 0-2 months
Ages and stages questionnaires 4-60 months
Social and emotional scale
Pediatric evaluation of developmental status 0-8 yrs
PHQ 9 for adolescents

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5
Q

Neuro evaluation for coordination and fine motor skill

A

Accuracy of upper and lower extremity movements
Rapid rhythmic alternating movements
Nose to finger test

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6
Q

Balance test

A

Romberg test
Stand with feet together and arms at side and close eyes
If they sway this is a positive finding

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7
Q

Face sensory

A

Use cotton tip and touch face eye closed and see if they can pinpoint location

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8
Q

Cortical sensory

A

Vibration of tuning fork over joints or bony prominent

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9
Q

Two point discrimination

A

Sharp and dull on cotton top application
And if they feel one or two objects

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10
Q

Stereognosis

A

Identity object by touch
Example close eyes place key in hand

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11
Q

Graphesthesia

A

Eyes closed draw letter or number on palm of hand

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12
Q

Deep tendon reflexes

A

0-4, 4+ hypperreflexia,2 normal
Plantar flexion

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13
Q

Agnosia

A

Loss of vision- occipital
Loss of Auditory- temporal
Loss of tactile- parietal
Loss of body and relation- parietal

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14
Q

Aphasia

A

Auditory receptive- temporal aka wernickes
Expressive speaking- inferior posterior frontal area aka brocas
Visual- receptive- parietal and occipital
Expressive writing- posterior frontal area

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15
Q

Meningeal sign

A

Patient supine slip hand under head and rise flexing neck
Brudzinski- involuntary flexion of hips and knees when flexing neck
Kernig- flex leg at knee and hip and attempt to straighten leg pain in lower back and resistance is felt

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16
Q

Beevors sign

A

Abdominal reflex

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17
Q

Rebound on McBurney’s point

A

Appendicitis

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18
Q

Iliopsoas test

A

Patient raises leg against resistance positive if pain in RLQ

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19
Q

Obdurator test

A

Hip knee flexed and rotated leg mediallly and laterally positive if pain in RLQ

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20
Q

Markle test

A

Tap patient on heel or have drop heel from floor to toe raise position

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21
Q

Murphy test

A

Press on RUQ under ribs abrupt cessation of inspiration of with palpating if gallbladder is positive

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22
Q

Muscular response

A

0-5
5 is normal for full muscle strength

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23
Q

Pregnancy skin changes

A

Itching papules or plaques worry when vesicles (herpes gestationis)
Abdomen to thighs and extremities
May indicate Kidney damage
Can have oily skin or scalp
Cholasma

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24
Q

Pregnancy neck changes

A

Thyroid palpable
May have hyper trophy with bruit due to to increased vascularity

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25
Pregnancy eye changes
Increased vascularity Vision may change assess for safety can you read fine print can you see while driving Check for blurred vision or dark spots may be eclampsia s/s
26
Pregnancy ENT changes
Nasal congestion Changes in hearing and bulging TM Hyper trophy of gums Gingivitis Nose bleeds
27
Pregnancy chest and lung changes
Posture changes Structural changes R/V changes Asthma variations may get better or get worse
28
Pregnancy heart changes
More volume Increased HR May hear murmurs physiologic and S3
29
Pregnancy vascular changes
BP watch 2nd trimester 3rs can have complications PIH is 30/15 increase from baseline Plus visual disturbances, edema, urine protein or epigastric pain 🚩🚩🚩
30
Pregnancy beast and axilla change
Dark areoles Striae Increase in size Assess for redness, edema or warmth or pain may be mastitis
31
Pregnancy changes abdomen
Bowl sounds moved Structural changes No liver or spleen changes
32
Pregnancy changes MSK
Gait changes Discomfort Spine changes Carpel tunnel
33
Pregnancy changes neuro
DTR more pronounced
34
GTPAL
Gravida total pregnancies T term pregnancies P preterm pregnancies A abortions L living
35
Goodells sign
Softening of the cervix
36
Hegar sign
Softening of the uterine isthmus
37
McDonald’s sign
Fundus flexes easily on the cervix
38
Braun von fernwald sign
Fullness and softening of the fundus near the side of implantation
39
Piskacek sign
Palpable lateral bulge or soft prominence on one uterine cornu
40
Chadwick’s sign
Bluish cover of the cervix, vagina andvulva
41
Cullen sign
Bruising below, the belly button can indicate pancreatitis
42
Grey turners sign
A dirty green bruising developing the right flank indicated for pancreatitis
43
Tanner stage one breast
Pre-adolescence Only nipple is raised above the level of the chest
44
Tanner stage two breast cancer
Body and stage but shaped elevation of the Areola Areola increase in diameter in sounding area slightly elevated
45
Tanner stage three breast
Breast and Areola enlarge no contour separation
46
Tanner stage four breast cancer
Increasing fat deposits Areola forms a secondary elevation above that of the breast this secondary mound occurs in approximately half of all girls in some cases, persistent adulthood
47
Tanner stage five breast
Adult stage Areola is usually part of general breast, contour and strongly pigmented Nipples project
48
Tanner stage one pubic hair
Pre-adolescence no growth of pubic hair
49
Tanner stage two a pubic hair
Initially, scarcely pigmented straight hair, especially along the medial border of the labia
50
Tanner stage three pubic hair
Parsley, dark visibly pigmented curly pubic hair on labia
51
Tanner stage four pubic hair
Hair course and curly abundant, but less than adult
52
Tanner stage five pubic hair
Lateral spreading type and triangle spread of adult hair to medial surface of thighs
53
Tanner stage six pubic hair
Further extension laterally upward or dispersed, only about 10% of adults
54
Tanner stage one for males
Testes scrotum and penis are the same size in shape as a young child
55
Tanner stage two for males
Enlargement of scrotum and testes the skin of the scrotum becomes red or thinner and wrinkled penis no larger or scarcely so
56
Tanner stage three for males
Enlargement of the penis, especially in length further enlargement of testes descendent of scrotum
57
Tanner stage four for males
Continued enlargement of the penis and sculpt rate of the glands increased pigmentation of the scrotum. The stage is sometimes best described as not quite adult.
58
Stage five Tanner for males
Adult stage scrotum, ample penis, reaching nearly to bottom of scrotum
59
Sports physical
Assess for posture and gentle muscle contour Duck walk, four steps with knees completely bent Spine for curvature and lumbar extensions, fingers touching toes with knees straight shoulder and clavicle for dislocation Neck, shoulder, elbows, forearm, hand, fingers, and hip ROM Knee ligaments for drawer sign Gait Hop Walking on heels and tiptoes
60
Primary assessments
Initial rapid assessment about 39 seconds to several minutes Addresses BEL and rapid assessment for life threatening injuries ABCDE- airway, breathing, circulation, disability exposure Q5 minutes
61
Secondary assessment
Vitals and head to toe History AMPLE- allergies, medications, past illness, last meal, events precipitating
62
Assess for cervical spine injury
Fall from heater than 3 feet or 5 stairs MVC with rollover or ejection All terrain vehicle crash Bicycle crash
63
Raccoon eyes
Bruising and swelling around eyes May indicated basilar skull fracture or facial bone fracture
64
Ham man sign
Precordial crunching, clicking or knocking sound with heartbeat May indicate hemothorax, acute mediastinitis, pneumonmediastinum, pneuomothorax, respiratory failure
65
Battle sign
Bruising and swelling behind either or both ears in line of posterior auricular artery May indicate basilar skull fracture
66
Kehr sign
Severe pain in subscapular area of shoulder usually left May indicate phrenic nerve irritation from rupture of spleen, ectopic pregnancy or GI disease
67
Which breast tanner stage corresponds to secondary Areola mound development above the breast
Stage 4
68
You have asked a patient to close his eyes and identify an object in his hand this is
Stereognosis
69
Inspection of the breast usually begins with the patient in which position
Sitting
70
You are seeing a 16 year old female gymnast she is athletic and thin radiography of an ankle injury reveals stress fracture you should question this patient about her
Menstrual cycle
71
The strength of the trapezius muscle is evaluated by having the patient
Push his or her head against the examiners hand
72
Which medical condition would exclude one from sports participation
Fever
73
You have a pregnancy patient in clinic she eats a well balanced diet and is usually having a daily BM You should explain that constipation is common in pregnancy due to changes in Gi such as
Decrease movement through the colon and increase water absorption from stool
74
Environmental hazards and cognitive function are data needed for personal and social history section of a neurological assessment for
Every patient
75
A patient presents to the ER after a MVC the patient sustained blunt trauma to the abdomen and complains of pain to the upper left quadrant that radiates to the left shoulder what organ most likely rupture
Spleen
76
Which of the following is a concern rather than an expected finding in older adults
Bilateral pill rolling of the fingers
77
Female athlete triad
Low energy with or without eating disorder Menstrual dysfunction Low bone mineral density
78
Expected systolic blood pressure for children, one year or older
80+ (two times child’s age in years)
79
Three diagnosis for every disease
One that unifies what you have learned One you cannot afford to miss One that it actually is
80
Occam’s razor or Lex parsimoniae Law of parsimony or law of succinctness
All findings should be unified into one diagnosis This is not always true More than one disease process can exist at one time
81
Autonomy
Right to choose
82
Beneficence
The act to promote good
83
Non maleficence
To avoid harm
84
Utilitarianism
Maximize overall wellbeing and happiness
85
Bayes theorem
Likelihood of your diagnosis being related to your findings depends on probability of those findings being associated with that diagnosis and prevalence of both that particular diagnosis and that combination of findings in the community in which you serve
86
Stage of behavioral change
Pre contemplation- not yet admitting problem Contemplation admit there’s a problem but not ready to change Preparation- intending to change in near future

Assessment (4 decks)

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