Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Intentional action and it”s consequences?
A
Karma
2
Q
The path to enlightenment between extreme indulgence and asceticism?
A
Middle way
3
Q
The buddhas prescription for a way of life that leads to enlightenment?
A
Noble eightfold path
4
Q
The full entry into nirvana death?
A
Parinirvana
5
Q
An awaken one or enlightened one?
A
Buddha
6
Q
An enlightened being?
A
Bodhisattva
7
Q
No self or soul?
A
Anatman
8
Q
The teaching of the Buddha?
A
Dharma
9
Q
Buddhist monastic community?
A
Sangha
10
Q
The Chinese often translated this term as actionless action or action without intention?
A
Wu Wei
11
Q
Often translate as way or path but some consider it undefinable?
A
Dao
12
Q
The material Confucius used to develop his political philosophy that were canonized in the Han dynasty?
A
The five classics
13
Q
The complementary force in Chinese religion that means dark, cold, wet, and feminine?
A
Yin
14
Q
The Mandate of Heaven that justifies imperial rule?
A
Tianming
15
Q
Can refer to a deity recognized during the Zhou dynasty or can be translated as heaven
A
Tian
16
Q
Neo-Confucian religious texts developed after the 13th century?
A
The four books
17
Q
The principle of benevolence in Confucian thought ?
A
Ren
18
Q
The complementary force in Chinese religion that means bright, warm,dry, and masculine?
A
Yang
19
Q
Breath, force, power, material energy
A
Qi
20
Q
Dalai Lama
A
Spiritual leader of the group or yellow gats. He is considered to be an incarnation of the bodhisattva.
21
Q
Four passing sights
A
- He observed an elderly man which exposed him to the reality of aging.
2.He observed someone who was very ill which exposed him to the reality of sickness.
3.He observed a corpse which exposed him to the reality of death. - He observed a monk which led him to deal with these realities by becoming a monk.
22
Q
Theravada Buddhism:
A
Ways of the elders
- focuses on the Tripitaka as their sacred text.
-Use pali as their sacred language
Each individual must obtain enlightenment by means of meditation.
23
Q
Theravada Buddhism rules:
A
- Strict adherence to the teachings of
Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha. - Buddha models personal self-discipline.
- Goal to become an arahat (one who has
followed the Eightfold Path) - Nirvana must be achieved with no outside help
- Status merely teaching objects
- Ritual does not lead to enlightenment
24
Q
Temptation by Mara
A
Siddhartha was tempted by Mara
- He attempts to sway him with power
- He attempts to sway him with pleasure
- He attempts to sway his ego
But he resists the temptations of Mara
25
Tripitaka:
Sacred that includes dhammapada
26
Pali Buddhists texts-Tripitaka
1. Vijay’s Pitaka (Discipline basket)- provides monastic rules for monks and nuns ex: expulsion: sexual activity, forfeit and confession:more than one bowl, and confession: seeing a singer or dancer.
2. Sutta pitaka: (Discourse basket) provides over 10,000 teachings of Buddha
3. Abhidamma pitaka: (Higher teaching) provides a more formal, systematic form of Buddhist teachings it is seven books that offer an understanding of Theravada Buddhist philosophy and psychology.
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Therevada Buddhism
Way of the elders: pali is sacred language, Tripitaka is their sacred text, enlightenment must be obtained through enlightenment.
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Enlightenment
Obtained by means of meditation
29
Vajrayana (diamond )
Or thunderbolt
30
Dhammapada
-Represents the most popular and most read Buddhist sacred text.
-collected teachings of Buddha
It represents a small portion of the sutta pitaka (Discourse Basket)
31
Impermanence
1. Three signs of being all is transitory and changing (anichcha)
32
Atman
Ego or self does not exist as a permanent entity
33
Three refuges, Three jewels
I take refuge in Buddha (his example)
I take in refuge in the Dharma (his teachings)
I take refuge in the Sangha ( monastic community and Buddhist communities)
34
Five skandha
Rupa: physical body
Vedana: the basic senses of the body
Sanna: how we identify things and understand things
Sankhara: personal traits, personality
Vinnana: the ability to know things as they really are.
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4 noble truths
1. Life is suffering(Dukkha): no one can escape the suffering caused by need of ppl and objects.
2. The cause of suffering is desire (Tanha):something solid we hold on to that doesn’t exist
3.The cessation of suffering is possible (nirodha) we cling to things we believe makes us happy or keep us safe.
4.The path to the cessation of desire (noble eight fold path) study to eithical conduct to what you do for a living mindfulness.
36
Mahayana
Means greater ox cart
37
Lotus sutra
A discourse of the Buddha that was recorded, hidden for 500 years and then reintroduced at the fourth Buddhists council. Uses parables and tells of a prodigal son who finds his way to achieve the Buddha-nature.
38
Zen
Mixture of Indian mahayan Buddhism and Taoism it began in china, spread to Korea and Japan and became very
Popular in the west
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Vajrayana Buddhism
Emerged out of India and became the predominated for of Buddhism in Mongolia and Tibet.
40
Pure land
A form of Buddhism that features the compassion of a bodhisattva named Buddha amids or Buddha amidhamma.
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Mahayana
- Many buddhas
-Compassion
- Become a bodhisattva
- Can have help
- Status represent living bodhisattvas
Ritual, pilgrimage, and shrines reflects devotion.
42
Mantra
Hidden words or phrases
43
Mandalas
Picture or image of the Buddha of the light surrounded by other buddhas, bodhisattvas and sacred objects
44
Mudras
Symbolic hand positions of Hindu and Buddhist rituals
45
Vesak
Buddha’s birthday) [May]
• Now celebrates the first moment of
Buddha’s enlightenment and his death
as well
46
Stupa
Sacred mound
47
Conception
White elephant (life of siddhartha)
48
Prophecy
Great king or holy man (life of siddhartha)
49
Enlightenment
Under the Bodhi Tree (Life of siddhartha)
50
Four passing sights short
Old man, sick man,corpse, and a monk
51
Kathina cermony
Robe offering ceremony shortly after the conclusion the rainy season.
52
Nirvana
In Buddhism, nirvana is the ultimate goal of becoming enlightened and free from suffering. It's believed to be a state of liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth.
53
Koan
type of dialogue, story, question, or paradoxical statement used in Zen Buddhism to help practitioners reach insight and enlightenment
54
Lama
spiritual leader and teacher
55
Tibetan book of the dead
“When we are at last freed from the body
that has defined and dominated our
understanding of ourselves for so long, the
karmic vision of one life is completely
exhausted, but any karma that might be
created in the future has not yet begun to
crystallize.
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King Ashoka
King Ashoka (273-232 B.C.E.) Indian King
sent messengers to Sri Lanka, Nepal,
Thailand, Myanmar, etc.
• Sri Lanka (son of Ashoka).
• Myanmar, Thailand, Nepal via Ashoka
missionaries
57
Winter solstice festival or (Dongzhi festival)
Celebrates the beginning of longer days and increase positive energy. Chinese dumplings are a seasonal favorite dish.
58
Hungry ghost festival (July)
In Chinese culture it is thought that all ghosts will come forth and each family feeds their ancestors by honoring them.
59
Dragon boat festival (may or June)
When eat rice dumplings (zongzi) drink realgar (xionghuangjiu) and racing dragon boats is all the rage
60
Qing Ming April 4 or 5
Tomb sweeping day to honor ones ancestors
61
Lantern festival (Jan 15)
Celebrates the first full moon with lanterns fireworks and eat yuanxiao (rice balls) sometimes known as Chinese Valentine’s Day)
62
Chinese new years
Many people clean their homes to welcome the spring festival they put up poetic verses on it to their doors, Chinese new year pictures on their walls and decorate their homes with red lanterns.
63
Tai chi or Taiji
Exercises used for one’s health and wellbeing
64
Jade emperor (yu huang)- Ruler of heaven and earth)
The ruler of heaven who rules the mortal world, but ranks below the three pure ones in the Taoist tradition. Birthday celebrated on the 9th day of the first lunar month.
Honored on the Chinese celebration of new years (2/10/13)
65
Chang Tzu (Zhuangzi)
(Est 369-268 B.C.E)
Authored the book of Chang Tzu although some think it was penned by some of his disciples.
66
Doctrine of the mean
Attributed to the grandson of Confucius
67
Hsun Tzu/Xuni
(300-230 B.C.E)
Was a Confucian scholar who taught the nature of man is evil his goodness is only acquired training.
He was the first to use essays to teach Confucianism instead of short sayings or dialogues.
68
Mencius/mengzi(371-289 B.C.E)
A Confucian scholar who believed that persons are basically good which is why he often called a Confucian idealist.
Through nurture and respect the teacher can empower the student to embrace the teachings of Confucius.
69
Yijing (book of changes)
A book of divination that utilizes 64 hexagrams in sets of six that are inscribed on wooden sticks.
70
Benevolence (ren)
Represents the virtue of being a good and benevolent person to create social harmony.
71
Jungzi (Chung ren)
G. Superior or noble person is calm and unperturbed the petty person is always agitated and anxious (analects 7:37)
72
Cultural revolution
Eliminate old customs culture, habits, and ideas.
73
Han dynasty 206 B.C. -220 A.D.
Confucianism was reestablished as the
ruling philosophy of Imperial China.
• Confucianism remained the dominate
philosophy until the establishment of the
Republic of China in 1912
74
Qin (chin) dynasty 255-206 b.c.
China was united for the first time during the qin dynasty.
Xian became the capital the title king gave way to emperor
They standardized of non-alphabetic written script across of china replacing all regional scripts
75
Mohism (468-376 B.C.E.)
ConsideredConfucianism to be idealistic and vague.
Advocated a Chinese form of utilitarianism promote general welfare and remove evil
76
Lao Tzu
Lao TZU to be an archivist during the time of the Zhou dynasty.
He was likely the older Confucius and possibly the two met each other.
Many believe he wrote the dao demoing while others suggest that several authors contributed to the writing.
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Legalism(Founded by Han fei-Tzu)
The three components:
1. Fa- laws maintain peace even during the reign of an incompetent emperor.
2. Shi power comes from theposition of emperor not not their their skill or ability
Shu – People must learn what is and is
not acceptable behavior
78
Shang dynasty (1750-1112 B.C.E)
Ancestors veneration
Shang ti (shangdi) or royal and
Ancestor
As the Shang emperor ruled the earthh, the Shang ti ruled heaven
Earliest reference to Shang ti found in oracle bones and in the 5 classics.
T’an an can be translated as god or heaven replaced the Shang ti
79
Chou (Zhou dynasty) (1111-256 BCE)
China was primarily an agricultural based feudalistic system agrarian deities.
The following movements emerged during the Chou (Zhou) Dynasty.
Confucianism, daoism, legalism, mohism
80
Kung fu Tzu (Grand master kung) 551-479 BCE
His father died when Confucius was three and mother race in poverty. Married at age 19 had one son and two daughters at age 24 he became a teacher. He thought that Chinese wisdom could overcome the perceived lawlessness and corruption in the Zhou Dynasty. At the age of 50 he became a judge, but it was dismissed by the pressure place on him by his opponents for not showing favoritism. At the age of 55 he began teaching again and begin to search for the ideal ruler. He retired at age 67 his only son died about this time his favorite disciple yin. He died the very year of his return to
Lu And 480 BC a year of his trying to lie and 480 BCE another disciple Tzu Lul blue was killed in battle. He died five years later and 479 BCE, his disciples, publishes teachings analects of Confucius after his death.
81
Qin(chin) dynasty 255-206 B.C.
China was united for the first time during the Chen dynasty. Xiao became the capital the title King gave way to emperor. They standardize of non-alphabetic written script across all of China replacing all regional scripts. The chin also standardized, weights and measures confusion. Writings were burned in legalism was adopted. Human sacrifice were sometimes used during an emperor‘s funeral although defeated by the Han Dynasty, they adopted some ideas of the chins, the Great Wall of China and the famous burial site of the first emperor
82
Great Leap Forward
The Great Leap Forward was a five-year economic plan executed by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party, begun in 1958 and abandoned in 1961. The goal was to modernize the country's agricultural sector using communist economic ideologies. The Great Leap Forward was a wide-scale program instituted by the communist government in China to industrialize the nation as quickly and efficiently as possible. Lasting from 1958 to 1960, it was motivated by Chairman Mao Zedong's desire to make China more self-sufficient and economically stable.
83
Analects of Confucius
The Analects, also known as the Sayings of Confucius, is an ancient Chinese philosophical text composed of sayings and ideas attributed to Confucius and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been compiled by his follower
84
Tao te Ching (Daodejing)
Beyond the towel teaching the towel is canon includes 1,120 volumes additional volumes were destroyed by Kublai Khan. They may have number as many as 5,300 collected over volumes over 15
85
Tudigong(T’u ti Kong)
A Tudigong (Chinese: 土地公; lit. 'Lord of the Land') is a kind of Chinese tutelary deity of a specific location. There are several Tudigongs corresponding to different geographical locations and sometimes multiple ones will be venerated together in certain regions.
86
Mao Zedong (mao tse tong)
Mao is a communist considered one of the most significant figures of the 20th century. His policies were responsible for a vast number of deaths, with estimates ranging from 40 to 80 million victims of starvation, persecution, prison labour, and mass executions, and his regime has been described as totalitarian.
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