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Nursing Care of Families > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

How do you calculate body mass index

A

weight/height/height x 703

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2
Q

Which fontanelles close first and when

A

posterior
2 months

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3
Q

Which fontanelles close last and when

A

front
7-18 months

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4
Q

What are some red flags to indicate possible physical child maltreatment

A

burns, rib fractures, lesions and marks, head injuries

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5
Q

What are some red flags to indicate possible emotional child maltreatment

A

developmental delayed
bed wetting w/o medical reason
depression/anxiety
overly compliant

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6
Q

What are some red flags to indicate possible sexual maltreatment of a child

A

hypersexual awareness, inflamed genitals, STI’s, fear of perpetrator

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7
Q

What is PICA

A

eating disorder of nonfood items (dirt, crayons, paper)
at risk for poisoning
higher risk from 2-6 years, adolescence, and pregnancy

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8
Q

Condition characterized by refusal to
maintain a healthy body weight because of a disturbance in perception of the size or appearance of the body

A

Anorexia nervosa

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9
Q

What are key features of anorexia nervosa

A

self induced starvation
relentless need to be thin
medical s/s due to starvation
BMI less than 85% of expected weight

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10
Q

Condition where there is recurrent and episodic binge eating and purging by vomiting/exercise

A

Bulimia nervosa

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11
Q

What are signs of Bulimia nervosa

A

teeth erosion from stomach acids
Russell sign- scars on hand from inducing vomiting
esophageal tears

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12
Q

What are red flags of a possible substance abuse in adolescents

A

increased absenteeism, declining grades, diagnosed hepatitis, STIs, HIV

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13
Q

Vaccinations needed between 4-6 years old

A

DTap dose 5
Polio dose 4
MMR dose 2
Varicella dose 2

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14
Q

Vaccinations needed between 11-12 years old

A

Tdap
HPV (2 doses over 6 months)
Men dose 1

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15
Q

Vaccinations needed at 16 years

A

Men dose 2

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16
Q

Term for turbulent flow through an abnormal valve, vessel, or chamber.

A

heart murmur
can be innocent or pathologic

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17
Q

What is the Levine grading scale

A

Used to grade systolic murmurs (1-5)
1= soft murmur
5= loud murmur + thrill

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18
Q

Congenital heart defect where there is increased pulmonary blood flow d/t blood flowing from aorta to main pulmonary artery (low pressure); left heart dilation.

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

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19
Q

What are assessment findings of patent ductus arteriosus

A

systolic murmur
increased WOB
difficulty feeding
rales/congestion

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20
Q

What are nursing interventions for patent ductus arteriosus

A

diuretics, NSAIDs to promote closure, increased calories, possible surgical closure

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21
Q

Congenital heart defect where a portion of the atrial septal tissue does not completely form; increased pulmonary blood flow

A

Atrial septal defect

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22
Q

What are assessment findings for atrial septal defect

A

NO MURMURS
fixed split S2 sound
pulmonary overcirculation (rales, congestion, fatigued)
no HF s/s
poor weight gain

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23
Q

What are nursing interventions for atrial septal defect

A

small= monitor/ use diuretics to promote closure
large= closed via catheterization

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24
Q

Congenital heart defect where a portion of the ventricular septum does not completely close; increased pulmonary blood flow

Study These Flashcards
A

Ventricular septal defect

25
What is the most common heart defect in children
ventricular septal defect
26
What are assessment findings of ventricular septal defect
murmur @ low sternal border HF s/s= tachycardia, tachypnea, poor feeding, failure to thrive, rales
27
Congenital heart defect where there are lesions requiring intervention in the first year of life; decreased pulmonary blood flow
Tetralogy of fallot
28
What are the assessment findings of tetralogy of fallot
systolic murmur hypercyanotic spells= cyanotic, distressed, irritable
29
What are the interventions for tetralogy of fallot
management of hypercyanotic spells surgically repaired at 3-6 months
30
Congenital heart defect where there is narrowing of the aorta
Coarctation of the aorta
31
What are assessment findings for coarctation of the aorta
possible murmur unequal pulses between upper/lower extremities differed BP between upper/lower extremities
32
What gender is more at risk for coarctation of the aorta
males
33
Acquired heart disease of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome; associated with generalized vasculitis
Kawasaki's disease
34
What is possible risk for a child with Kawasaki's disease
thrombus formation, MI
35
What symptoms must be seen to diagnose Kawasaki's disease
1. changes in hands/feet (ex. peeling or edema) 2. polymorphous exanthema- rash of trunk & extremities 3. bilateral conjunctivitis 4. cervical lymphadenopathy
36
How is Kawasaki's disease diagnosed
diagnosed by exclusion (no labs/tests) prolonged fever 5+ days
37
What are the risk factors for developing Kawasaki's disease?
unknown/ possible genetic predisposition or infection Mostly in winter and spring More common in males < 5 years old Asian or Pacific Island descent
38
What are nursing interventions for Kawasaki's disease
fever management IVIG and aspirin therapy
39
Acquired heart disease d/t an autoimmune disease that occurs as a reaction to a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection
Rheumatic fever
40
What is the pathophysiology of rheumatic fever
Inflammation from the immune response leads to inflammatory lesions in the heart, blood vessels, brain, and joints.
41
What are assessment findings of rheumatic fever
polyarthritis carditis Sydenham chorea= random involuntary limb movement nodules on hard bony parts of joints Erythema marginatum= rash on trunk Elevated ASO titer (strep infection)
42
Nursing management for rheumatic fever
penicillin therapy
43
What are some assessment findings for a possible hematologic disorder
symptoms like pallor, lethargy, bruising perform a bone marrow aspiration @ iliac crest or spine
44
Who is at risk for iron deficient anemia
breastfeeding infant/excessively consuming milk (9m-3yrs) menstruating females vegetarian obese
45
What are assessment findings for iron deficient anemia
pale mucous membranes and skin systolic murmur decreased muscle tone chronic fatigue Hg <11g and Hct <33%
46
A recessive inherited disorder where RBCS are crescent-shaped and hypoxic; leads to pain, ischemic tissue, cell destruction
sickle cell anemia
47
What are assessment findings for sickle cell anemia
will see signs @ 6 mos Hg= 6-8g thinly built splenomegaly/hepatomegaly (abdomen protrudes) icteric sclera priapism= constant painful erection
48
Who is at risk for sickle cell anemia
Black people carry gene GI or respiratory illness
49
Condition where there is a decrease in circulating platelets, usually 2 weeks after a viral illness/URI
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
50
What are the assessment findings for Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Abrupt onset Miniature petechiae or large areas of asymmetric ecchymosis usually over the legs Thrombocytopenia Bleeding, joint pain, epistaxis (nose bleed)
51
What are risk factors for Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
recent viral illness unvaccinated congenital ITP (mom has it)
52
Term for inherited disorders of blood coagulation
hemophilia
53
What are assessment findings for hemophilia
excessive bleeding, easily bruises, prolonged PTT
54
What is a nursing intervention for hemophilia regarding the bleeding
administer factor VIII (coagulation agent to help treat bleeding)
55
Most frequently occurring type of childhood cancer characterized by distorted and uncontrolled proliferation of leukocyte
acute lymphatic leukemia
56
Assessment findings for acute lymphatic leukemia
Anemia Easily bruise/bleed Swollen lymph nodes Joint pain, ab pain, fever elevated leukocytes Low platelets, HCT and RBCs
57
What population is more at risk for acute lymphatic leukemia
males Hispanic and white
58
What are characteristics of a pediatric heart murmur that would indicate a pathologic cause
systolic or diastolic longer in duration harsh blowing sound soft or loud doesn't change with position

Nursing Care of Families (2 decks)

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