Exam 2

Question 1

Norming studies

Answer 1

Asking participants to rank words on different values

Question 2

Orthographic strangeness

Answer 2

How a word belongs based on phonetics

Question 3

Word fragment completion

Answer 3

IV (studied v. unstudied) DV (amount correct)

Question 4

Free recall

Answer 4

IV (list position, stimulus duration, list length) DV (amount correct)

Question 5

Semantic priming

Answer 5

IV (related v. unrelated) DV (RT and accuracy)

Question 6

Category verification

Answer 6

IV (typical categorical v. not) DV (RT and accuracy)

Question 7

Parvocellular pathway

Answer 7

What - Occipital to temporal

Question 8

Magnocellular pathway

Answer 8

Where - Occipital to parietal

Question 9

Parallel processing

Answer 9

Simultaneous processing of 2 different types of information from the same input

Question 10

Top-down processing

Answer 10

Memory guides perception (conceptually driven)

Question 11

Bottom-up processing

Answer 11

External stimuli drive perception (data driven)

Question 12

Saccade

Answer 12

Very fast eye movements (25 - 100 ms)

Question 13

Fixations

Answer 13

Separates saccades

Question 14

Change blindness

Answer 14

Failure to notice changes that happen during a saccade

Question 15

Why must attention be interruptible?

Answer 15

Fire in the library !! Want to be able to respond to unexpected stimuli

Question 16

Inattentional blindness

Answer 16

Failure to see an object despite looking at it head on (attention is directed elsewhere)

Question 17

Sensory memory

Answer 17

A brief memory store that is hypothesized to exist for each of our senses

Question 18

Features of Sensory Memory

Answer 18

Capacity, duration, and forgetting

Question 19

Iconic memory

Answer 19

Visual sensory memory

Question 20

Capacity

Answer 20

Differs from different types of material, but is relatively large

Question 21

Duration

Answer 21

About 250 - 300 ms

Question 22

Forgetting

Answer 22

Either from decay or interference

Question 23

Decay

Answer 23

Function of time

Question 24

Interference

Answer 24

Function of other information getting “in the way”

Question 25

Sperling - Whole report

Answer 25

The participants were asked to name as many of the 12 letters flashed at them they could

Question 26

Whole report results

Answer 26

4 -5 letters, but knew the other letters were there (memory had faded away)

Question 27

Sperling - Partial report

Answer 27

1 of 3 tones sounded immediately after the display of letters; tones corresponded with a tone; participants were asked to report the letters that matched the tone

Question 28

Partial report results

Answer 28

Could report pretty much the whole row (3 - 4)

Question 29

How does adding a delay to the tone affect Sperling's partial report modification?

Answer 29

Removed the advantage of the partial report

Question 30

Haber's argument for Sperling

Answer 30

Ecological validity - Visual processing was much more constant then the tests done

Question 31

What trial condition was least accurate in Crowder and Morton's study of Auditory Persistence?

Answer 31

Silent - See the numbers and read silently

Question 32

Modality effect

Answer 32

The last items are recalled better with auditory representation (as opposed to visual) Auditory memory has a longer duration than that of visual memory

Question 33

Auditory pattern recgonition

Answer 33

Speech perception is dependent upon context

Question 34

Template

Answer 34

Stored models of all categorizable pattern (comparing one to a store of many)

Question 35

Prototype

Answer 35

The most representative member of a category (comparing one to the most representative of many)

Question 36

Feature detection/analysis

Answer 36

A finite set of features used for identification; simpler patterns that can be combined in many ways with many other features

Question 37

Data/image demons

Answer 37

Encode the pattern

Question 38

Computational/feature demons

Answer 38

Feature analyzers (they are trying to find their key features)

Question 39

What is the purpose of these cognitive demons?

Answer 39

Detect if features of the letters are present

Question 40

Decision demon

Answer 40

Listens to the loudest cognitive demon in order to identify/recognize the pattern

Question 41

RBC

Answer 41

Recognition by Components - Using geons to identify an object

Question 42

Geon

Answer 42

Geometric ions that represent subcomponents of 3D objects