exam 2

Question 1

Kantianism/Deontological views:

Answer 1

it says that you should do the right thing because it’s your duty, not because of what might happen afterward.ightness of an action comes from following rules, duties, or reason, rather than the consequences of the action.In this view, rights are really important. You figure out what rights people have (like the right to life or the right to be treated fairly) and then make sure your actions respect those rights. Even if respecting those rights doesn’t lead to the best outcomes, it’s still the right thing to do.

Question 2

Consequentialism:

Answer 2

is about the outcomes of actions and choosing those that lead to the best results.

Focuses on outcomes or consequences. Consequentialism, as a broader theory, says that the rightness of an action depends on its outcomes or results. The most well-known form is utilitarianism, which argues that the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or well-being.
Key Idea: An action is morally right if it produces the best possible outcome (such as the greatest happiness for the greatest number).
Example: If telling a lie results in a greater overall good (e.g., saving someone's life), then lying would be considered morally right under consequentialism.

Question 3

The problem with act utilitarianism is that

Answer 3

it might let you do bad things, like lying or hurting someone, if it helps a lot of people in that one situation.

Question 4

Examples of problems in Act Ult

Answer 4

1. Violation of Individual Rights: Act utilitarianism could allow hurting one person if it makes most people happy. For example, it might say lying is okay if it helps in the moment, even though lying can harm trust in the long run.
2. Unpredictability and Inconsistency: Since act utilitarianism looks at each action on its own, people have to figure out what’s best in every situation. This can be hard to do and might lead to unpredictable or inconsistent decisions.
3. Moral Intuition Conflicts: Sometimes, act utilitarianism goes against our gut feelings about what’s fair or right. For instance, it might say it’s okay to hurt one innocent person if it helps more people, even though most of us would say that’s wrong.

Question 5

Why is act better?

Answer 5

Maximize happiness - My
Situational flexibility - Sister
Moral Responsibility - Makes
Avoids Rule Worship - Annoying
Moral Progress - Meows

Question 6

Problems w “actual consequence act utilitarianism”

Answer 6

Time and effort
Uncertainity and inconsistency
Moral luck

Question 7

will

Answer 7

rational being faculty or capaqcity to perfom actions. can be response to different kidns of input: reason andn intention.

Question 8

deliberate, intentional, chosen

Answer 8

deliberate, intentional, chosen

Question 9

2 categories of a will

Answer 9

reason- goodwill
inclination- passion, desire, wants
however kant says we can have unselfish desires.

Question 10

a goodwill is one that responds to ______ and not ________ whether selfish or unselfish

Answer 10

reason, inclination

Question 11

“the notion of duty… includes that of a goodwill”

Answer 11

duty: something one is required to do whether inclined or not.