Exam 2

Question 1

Power

Answer 1

The ability to influence others but also to control outcomes, producing results that would not have occurred naturally

Question 2

Power potential

Answer 2

Whether a state can actually be effective at influencing outcomes and others

Question 3

Hard power

Answer 3

A states using various resources of power (economic/military) to coerce other states into adopting actions in its interest

Question 4

Soft power

Answer 4

A state’s attempt to persuade other actors to do things it wants based on the legitimacy of its own actions, values, or policies, rather than coerce them

Question 5

Smart power

Answer 5

Combination of hard power’s coercion and soft power’s persuasion and attraction

Question 6

Credibility

Answer 6

Ability and incentive to act using a certain policy in order for other states to believe it will be carried out; cannot lack one or the other

Question 7

Diplomacy

Answer 7

States trying to influence behavior of other states by bargaining, negotiating, taking specific non-coercive actions; appealing to foreign public for support of a position

Question 8

Public diplomacy

Answer 8

Strategically targeting publics and elites in foreign countries with informational, cultural, and educational programming to create a favorable image of the state or its people in the eyes of other states; goodwill tours, cultural and student exchanges, media presentations

Question 9

Track one diplomacy

Answer 9

Talks and negotiations among government officials or actions taken as official governmental policy

Question 10

Track two diplomacy

Answer 10

Unofficial overtures by private individuals or groups from outside governments to try and resolve an ongoing international crisis or civil war

Question 11

Transnational movements

Answer 11

Groups of people from different states who share religious, ideological, or policy beliefs and who work together to change the status quo

Question 12

War

Answer 12

An organized and deliberate political act by an established political authority that causes 1,000 or more deaths in a 12-month period and involves at least two actors capable of harming each other

Question 13

Interstate war

Answer 13

Wars between states

Question 14

Intrastate wars

Answer 14

Civil wars that take place within a state

Question 15

Terrorism

Answer 15

1. Political in nature or intent
2. Perpetrators of terrorism are non state actors
3. Targets of terrorism are non-combatants, such as ordinary citizens, political figures, or bureaucrats

Question 16

Realism and causes of war

Answer 16

1. Anarchy of the international system
2. Distribution of power in the system
3. Power transitions

Question 17

Liberalist causes of war

Answer 17

1. Lack of democratic institutions/values
2. Lack of interdependence
3. Lack of shared

Question 18

Realistic ways to prevent war

Answer 18

1. Power balancing
2. Deterrence

Question 19

Liberalist ways to prevent war

Answer 19

1. Collective security
2. Arms control and disarmament

Question 20

Natural sources of power (potential)

Answer 20

Geography
Natural resources
Population

Question 21

Tangible sources of power (potential)

Answer 21

Industrial development
Level of infrastructure
Characteristics of military

Question 22

Intaglible sources of power (potential)

Answer 22

National image
Public support
Leadership

Question 23

Positive engagement

Answer 23

1. Give target state trading privileges as an incentive for policy change
2. Allow sensitive trade with target state, including militarily useful equipment
3. Give corporations investment guarantees or tax breaks as incentives to invest in target state
4. Allow importation of target state’s products into your country at best tariff rates

Question 24

Negative engagement

Answer 24

1. Prohibit certain financial transactions
2. Freeze target state’s assets
3. Arms embargo
4. Export or import limits of selected technology and products
5. Comprehensive sanctions

Question 25

Characteristics of war

Answer 25

- organized and deliberate political act - 1000 or more deaths in 12 months - can be interstate or intrastate - asymmetric (between parties of unequal power) like terrorism - can be an act taken by established political authority - involves at least two actors capable of harming each other -un/conventional - take place in cyberspace when act is endorsed or carried out by a state government