Exam 2

Question 1

Polarity of water

Answer 1

Hydrogen = positive
Oxygen = negative

Question 2

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 2

Positive and negative poles form weak bonds

Question 3

Covalent bonds

Answer 3

Chemical bond when electrons are shared between two atoms

Question 4

Cohesion

Answer 4

Stick together due to hydrogen bond

Question 5

Adhesion

Answer 5

Allows water to stick to other things

Question 6

High specific Heat capacity

Answer 6

Amount of energy required to heat and cool water

Question 7

Universal solvent

Answer 7

Water can dissolve almost any substance

Question 8

Density

Answer 8

Cold water more dense than warm
Ice less dense than liquid

Question 9

Electronegativity

Answer 9

Slight charge due to water being polar

Question 10

Calcium

Answer 10

Bones and shells

Question 11

Potassium

Answer 11

Muscle contraction

Question 12

Bicarbonate buffering

Answer 12

Balances acid and base in ocean due to dissolved carbon dioxide

Question 13

Bicarbonate

Answer 13

Maintains pH of ocean

Question 14

Salinity

Answer 14

Complex mixture of sodium chloride and micronutrients

Question 15

Euphotic zone

Answer 15

Surface water
Light

Question 16

Pycnocline

Answer 16

Rapid change in density

Question 17

Aphotic zone

Answer 17

Deep ocean
No light

Question 18

Upwelling

Answer 18

Deep water rising to surface

Question 19

Downwelling

Answer 19

Surface water pushed down

Question 20

Ocean gyre

Answer 20

Large system of rotating ocean currents

Question 21

Surface currents

Answer 21

Result of Coriolis Effect

Question 22

Deep ocean conveyer

Answer 22

Global system of ocean currents driven by differences in temperature and salinity

Question 23

North Atlantic deep water

Answer 23

Cold, dense, and salty water mass formed in high latitudes of North Atlantic

Question 24

Estuaries

Answer 24

Where fresh water meets saltwater

Question 25

Brackish water

Answer 25

Water with salinity between fresh and marine levels

Question 26

Euryhaline

Answer 26

Organisms ability to tolerate a wide range of salinity

Question 27

Mangrove

Answer 27

Coastal Forest

Question 28

Pneumatophores

Answer 28

Specialized aerial root system that allows for oxygen access in waterlogged soil

Question 29

Kelp Forest

Answer 29

Dense underwater ecosystem made of large brown algae

Question 30

Giant brown algae

Answer 30

Large seaweed that thrive in cool shallow water

Question 31

Coral reefs

Answer 31

Collective structure of hard coral

Question 32

Coral polyps

Answer 32

Cylindrical invertebrates that are the basis of coral reefs

Question 33

Zooxanthellae

Answer 33

Single called organism Provides color and protection for coral

Question 34

Deep sea

Answer 34

Abyssal zone and below

Question 35

Bioluminescence

Answer 35

Biochemical emission of light by living organisms

Question 36

Hydrothermal vents

Answer 36

Fixtures on ocean floor that emit geothermal heated water

Question 37

Chemosynthesis

Answer 37

Conversion of inorganic molecules to organic matter using chemical energy

Question 38

Extremophile bacteria

Answer 38

Bacteria able to live in extreme environments

Question 39

Freshwater

Answer 39

All non-salty water

Question 40

Salt water

Answer 40

Unable to be used by humans for anything

Question 41

Groundwater

Answer 41

Water present under surface

Question 42

Unconfined aquifer

Answer 42

No upper layer Subjected to pollution via infiltration

Question 43

Artesian aquifer

Answer 43

Impervious rock layers above and below Very clean water Slow recharge time

Question 44

Overdraft

Answer 44

When more water is withdrawn than replenished

Question 45

Saltwater intrusion

Answer 45

Drained aquifer is filled with saltwater instead of freshwater

Question 46

Surface water

Answer 46

Readily available supplies of water Ex. rivers and lakes

Question 47

Non-consumptive

Answer 47

Uses of water that enable it to return to source

Question 48

Consumptive

Answer 48

Water unable to return to source

Question 49

Agricultural and Domestic Uses of Water

Answer 49

Always consumptive

Question 50

Industrial uses of water

Answer 50

Can be both consumptive and non-consumptive

Question 51

Pathogen

Answer 51

Disease causing organism Ex. Salmonella and Giardia

Question 52

Toxin

Answer 52

Harmful chemical used to kill organisms Ex. Pesticides and human pharmaceuticals

Question 53

Sediment

Answer 53

Tiny particles of rock and sand

Question 54

Turbidity

Answer 54

Density of suspended particles in water Degree of cloudiness

Question 55

Eutrophication

Answer 55

Body of water receives too many nutrients Can cause dead zones Ex. Nitrogen and phosphorus