EXAM 2 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Food systems
The entire array of activities- production and distribution to on-farm activities, marketing, processing, wholesale, and retail- than connect seed to consumers
- products of society’s own creation
- we hold the collective capacity to recreate them
Food swamps
low-income, urban communities that have an overabundance of fast food resurants, convenience stores, mini marts, gas stations, and liquor stores selling food
Food deserts
communities that lack ready access to healthy, fresh, and affordadble food
Food justice
- Availability, access and stability of food
- Seeks to enhance access to healthy, sufficent, affordable, and culturally desired foods
- Addressed hunger through increased food production, imports, and aids
- Prioritizes efficiency in food supply chains
- Typically driven by corporations, governments and global institutons
Food sovereignty
- Rights to control food systems
- Emphasis on local, small-scale, and ecologically sound agriculture
- Advocates for agroecologial practices- rejects realiance on industrial agriculture
- Values cultural traditions, environmental sustainability, and local economics
- Grassroots movements- Indigenous peoples, small farmers and marginalized communities
The Tragedy of the commons
- Each person is interested in maximizing their own “take” or profit
- People will not think collectively
- Degrade the common resource→ inherent selfishness or profit motive
Water systems and access
examining the social, political, and cultural aspects of water management, access, and use, including how these systems shape social structures, power dynamics, and inequalities
Water governance
The processess, institutions, and mechanisms through which decisions are made, and authority is exercised regarding water resources
- Participation
- Transparency
- Equity
- Accountability
- Responsiveness
- Ethics
Green water footprints
the use of water resources (such as rainwater that does not become runoff) for growing crops
Blue water footprint
the use of water resources along the supply chain of a product
Grey water footprint
freshwater required to assimilate and adequately dilute the load of pollutants that results from the production and processing of commodities
Energy production systems
- coal, fracking, nuclear power, etc.
encompasses all components involved in generating, converting, delivering, and utilizing energy, aiming to minimize losses and ensure efficient energy usage
Coal mining
- most abundant fossil fuel on Earth
- responsible for more environmental harm than any other source
- coal produces more than 40% of energy around the world annually
- global production is projected to increase over the next 40 years
Hydraulic Fracturing (aka Fracking)
- oil and natural gas production → Unconventional oil and gas extraction
- technologies have raised environmental and health concerns
- perceptions of the industry as an economic necessity
- patterns of poverty in extractive communities→ vulnerability and dependency on one industry
- inherent ‘boom and bust’
- ‘curse of natural resources’
Nuclear power
- political power-war
- uranium production and nuclear technology propelled the U.S. to its status as a global superpower
- internal colonialism-Native nations and peoples have been particularly exploited and disregarded for the benefit of ‘the nation’
- socioenvironmental problems: nuclear sacrifice zones, and environmental health outcomes still contested by the state
Extractivism boom and bust cycles
- defining characteristic of the resource extraction economy
- capitalism → cycle is driven by profit
- communities are vulnerable to economic instability
- final bust (closing of a mine)
- ‘resource curse’ or ‘paradox of plenty’
- natural resource dependency
Curse of natural resources
aka ‘paradox of plenty’
the counterintuitive phenomenon where countries rich in natural resources, like oil or minerals, experience lower economic growth, poorer development outcomes, and higher levels of conflict and corruption compared to countries with fewer resources
Climate change natural causes
These natural causes are still in play today, but
their influence is too small or they occur too
slowly to explain the rapid warming seen in
recent decades
Climate change human-driven causes
- Generation of power for electricity, heat, and transportation
- Destruction of forests, water lands, and other carbon sinks
- Built environment and industries
- Ways of interacting with the land
Consumption habits
Macro scales of analysis
- Large-scale processes that affect entire
communities, states, or countries. - Quantitative macro-scale comparative data
and analysis
Meso scales of analysis
- Interactions among groups, organizations, and institutions
- Industry, climate movement and countermovement organizations
- Local, regional, national, and international governing bodies and other organizations interact.
- Relationship between structure and agency and their evolving dynamics
- Media coverage
- Economic and political factors
Micro scales of analysis
- Small-scale individual interactions, decisions, and dynamics.
- As consumers, we make choices on a daily basis that influence GHG emissions and other ecosystems processes both directly (e.g., burning gasoline while driving) and indirectly via the supply chain (e.g., dietary
choices). - As citizens, we express views and take political actions that influence policy. (Activists and Professionally involved in policy systems)
Climate refugee
- Temporarily or permanent movement because of a hazard or natural disaster/disturbance
- People who decide to migrate seeking a better livelihood, because of environmental disruption
Slow climate change events
- Rising temperatures
- Access to water
- Food insecurity
- Rising seas
- Drought
- Land erosion
- Etc.
