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Communications > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Symbolic (symbolism)

A

the use of items to represent other things

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2
Q

Semantic rules

A

the agreed-upon meanings of words and phrases, which are essential for effective communication

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3
Q

Syntactic rules

A

the use of grammar, structure, and punctuation to help effectively convey our ideas

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4
Q

Phonological Rules

A

How our pronunciation or emphasis of words affects the meaning of a sentence

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5
Q

Pragmatic rules

A

What certain words or phrases mean based on the cultural and/or social norms

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6
Q

Denotative

A

literal meaning

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7
Q

Connotative

A

implied meaning

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8
Q

Ambiguous

A

having various levels of clarity

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9
Q

Flexible

A

“personal idioms” words that mean something different to a specific group of people

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10
Q

Sapir Wharf Hypothesis

A

Languages influence the ways the members of a culture see the world, and that the attitude and behaviors of a culture’s people are reflected in its language

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11
Q

Linguistic determinism

A

languages defines the boundaries of our thinking (language determines thought)

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12
Q

Linguistic Relativity

A

the structure and vocabulary of a language influence its speakers’ perception and interpretation of the world. (language influences thought but doesn’t determine it)

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13
Q

3 Confirming messages

A

Recognition, acknowledgement, and endorsement

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14
Q

5 Disconfirming Messages

A

Impervious response, verbal abuse, generalized complaining, Irrelevant response, impersonal response

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15
Q

Defensiveness

A

Excessive concern with guarding oneself against threat of criticism

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16
Q

Supportiveness

A

giving the of assurance that others care and will protect you

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17
Q

Evaluation (D)

A

giving an evaluation of someone’s actions or character

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18
Q

Description (S)

A

fairly describing the problem

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19
Q

Control (D)

A

being assertive and trying to control the other in order to fix a problem

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20
Q

Problem Orientation (S)

A

present the issue and then try and work collaboratively to fix it

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21
Q

Neutrality (D)

A

not paying attention or having a strong response to someone’s situation

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22
Q

Empathy (S)

A

putting your needs aside out of sympathy for ones decisions

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23
Q

Superiority (D)

A

feeling like you know more or how to do better than someone else

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24
Q

Equality (S)

A

trying to understand other perspectives or ways of thinking

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25
Certainty (D)
flat out saying someone is wrong
26
Provisionalism (S)
trying to find an explanation even if someone is in the wrong
27
Non-evaluative feedback
best used if someone just wants to be heard or understood
28
Evaluative Feedback
Best used if someone wants or needs your input
29
Own your thoughts and feelings by...
Using "I" language and avoiding "you" language
30
Non-Verbal Communications
Behaviors and characteristics that convey meaning without using words.
30
Ways to express emotions
Vocal and Facial Expressions
30
5 characteristics of Nonverbal Communications
Present in most conversations, can convey more information than verbal communication alone, Believed over verbal communication, Primary means for communicating emotion, and Metacommunicate
31
Maintain Relationships with...
Immediacy behavior, Power and Dominance, and Arousal and Relaxation
32
Immediacy behavior
leaning in, nodding, paying attention (during conversation)
33
Power and Dominance
Posture and Body Orientation
34
Arousal and Relaxation
excitement or calmness based on the setting
35
Channels of nonverbal communications
Kinesics, Haptics, and Proxemics
36
Kinesics
Gestures or illustrations usually done with hands or face
37
Haptics
Physical touch based on the tone of the conversation
38
Proxemics
Distance from someone (intimate 0-18 inches) (Personal Distance: 18in - 4ft)
39
Emblems
gestures that have a conventional form paired with a conventional meaning (thumbs up)
40
Illustrators
Hand gestures to indicate size or shape (the fish was this big)
41
Regulators
Gestures to control the flow of conversation (wink, shrugs, head nods)
42
Adaptors
subconscious physical movements during communication (scratching an itch, twitching the leg, etc.)
43
3 myths of about listening
hearing is the same as listening, listening is natural and effortless, all listeners hear the same message
44
Listening
a learned process of receiving, interpreting, recalling, evaluating, and responding to both verbal and nonverbal messages
45
Barriers to listening
Pseudo-listening, selective attention, information overload, glazing over, narcissistic listening, and rebuttal tendency
46
Types of listening
informational listening, critical listening, emphatic listening
47
informational listening
Taking in information (in class or listening to the news)
48
critical listening
evaluating or analyzing what you are hearing
49
emphatic listening
trying to with the speaker by understanding and experiencing what they are thinking or feeling
50
Pseudo-listening
pretending to pay attention or listen
51
selective attention
listening to only what you want to hear
52
glazing over
letting mind wonder or become disengaged with what you are listening too
53
Rebuttal tendency
listening with the intent to form a counterargument
54
competitive interrupting
forcing yourself into the conversation in order to take control
55
Emotion
response to a specific event
56
Subjective experiences
an experience that can be interpreted in more than one way
57
Valenced Experiences
positive and negative experiences
58
Physiological arousal
strong emotions that impact you physically (can not control)
59
Cognitive
thought interruption (something exciting preventing you from focusing)
60
Behavioral expression
expressing emotion physically (can control)
61
Adaptive responses
rollercoaster of emotions. Sports team is doing well but then gets scored on
62
Primary emotions
anger, happiness, sadness, fear, disgust
63
Secondary emotions
anxiety, embarrassment, envy
64
Moods
longest duration, lowest intensity
65
Feelings
the shortest with moderate intensity
66
Identifying emotion
identifying, labeling, and articulating one’s own emotions
67
Empathy
decoding emotional expression of others, listening
68
Self Regulation of emotion
Avoiding emotion stimulants (avoiding sensitive topics in conversation)
69
Emotion management in Communication
Comfortably experiencing a wide range of emotions, Providing affirmation and assurance, Constructive communication of emotion
70
Emotional Reactions are...
situational and vary from person to person
71
Emotional stimulus
the event causing the stimulus (winning a game)
72
Appraisal of stimulus
assess the situation and attribute the the event to someone or something
73
Experience of the emotion
good stimulus = happy, bad stimulus = good
74
Behavioral response/ reaction
sadness, anger, interaction with target (cause of the emotion)
75
Reappraisal
strategy to change the way you think about a situation to decrease the emotional experience
76
How to reappraise
Think about the emotional situation in a non-emotional terms
77
Suppression
Strategy to change the way you express an emotion that is felt

Communications (6 decks)

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