exam 2

Question 1

Survival Rate

Answer 1

Chance that individual at age x lives to age x+1

Question 2

Survivorship

Answer 2

Proportion of individuals from age 0 that live to age x

Question 3

Fecundity

Answer 3

Average # of offering produced by a female at age x

Question 4

Doubling time

Answer 4

time for population to double in size

Question 5

r

Answer 5

instantaneous rate of increase (instantaneous births - instantaneous deaths)

Question 6

higher doubling time

Answer 6

larger body size
lower r

Question 7

Density dependence

Answer 7

instantaneous birth/death rates change as a function of population size

Question 8

DD effects lead to…

Answer 8

decreased births
increased deaths

Question 9

dN/dt=rN

Answer 9

exponential growth equation

Question 10

Nt = N_0_e^rt^

Answer 10

Exponential size equation

Question 11

λ=(Nt+1)/Nt

Answer 11

Geometric growth equation

Question 12

Nt=λ^t^N0

Answer 12

Geometric size equation

Question 13

dN/dt=rN[1-(N/K)]

Answer 13

Logistic growth equation

Question 14

K

Answer 14

(b-d)/(c+a)

Question 15

Discrete time

Answer 15

interval based time
parameterized by λ

Question 16

Continuous time

Answer 16

infinitely small time steps
parameterized by r

Question 17

Time lags

Answer 17

Time it takes for changes to take place

Question 18

Allee

Answer 18

Positive correlation between population density and individual fitness

Question 19

Dispersal

Answer 19

Movement of individuals from birth site to breeding site (or vise versa). Typically a one way trip by young, but can be juveniles/adults

Question 20

Migration

Answer 20

Round trip movement (often seasonal) for foraging/reproduction

Question 21

Recruitment

Answer 21

Addition of new individual (usually young) into a population

Question 22

Sources

Answer 22

Produce many migrants that disperse to other populations

Question 23

Sinks

Answer 23

Receive more immigrants than produced immigrants

Question 24

cryptos

Answer 24

camouflage

Question 25

Symbionts

Answer 25

Organism that lives on/in another organism can be mutualists or parasites

Question 26

Parasites

Answer 26

symbiont that consumes tissues/body fluids of host

Question 27

parasitoid

Answer 27

insect whose larvae live as parasites and kill host

Question 28

Competition

Answer 28

Interaction of 2+ species in which all species are negatively affected by shared resource use

Question 29

Resource

Answer 29

Required component of environment (food, space, light, nutrients...)

Question 30

Fundamental Niche

Answer 30

Full set of resources + biotic/abiotic requirements

Question 31

Realized Niche

Answer 31

Conditions species is restricted to in nature always smaller than fundamental niche

Question 32

Intra specific competition

Answer 32

negative interactions between members of same species

Question 33

Inter specific competition

Answer 33

negative interactions between two different species

Question 34

Exploitation

Answer 34

Individuals compete by reducing the supply of a limited resource

Question 35

Interference

Answer 35

Individuals directly interfere with competitors

Question 36

Allelopathy

Answer 36

Chemical inhibition of one species by another (chemical warfare)

Question 37

R*

Answer 37

Resource requirement Amount of limiting resource needed for population replacement

Question 38

R* Rule

Answer 38

Species with lowest R* will prevail under equilibrium conditions

Question 39

Competitive exclusion principle

Answer 39

two species that use a limiting respire in the same way cannot coexist indefinitely

Question 40

Niche partitioning

Answer 40

use limiting resource differently

Question 41

Mutualisms

Answer 41

mutually beneficial interaction between individuals of 2+ species (+/+)

Question 42

Commensalism

Answer 42

Interaction where one specific benefits and the other species is unaffected (+/0)

Question 43

Trophic mutualism

Answer 43

One partner receives energy/nutrients

Question 44

Habitat mutualism

Answer 44

One partner receives shelter, a place to live, or favorable habitat

Question 45

Facultative mutualism

Answer 45

occurring optionally

Question 46

Obligate mutualism

Answer 46

One organism will perish without the other

Question 47

Foundation species

Answer 47

create habitat and modify environment with positive effects on diversity, distribution, and abundance of associated organisms

Question 48

Physical stress

Answer 48

Mechanical forces with the potential to crush/remove organisms

Question 49

Physiological stress

Answer 49

Conditions that act on biochemical rates of an organism