Exam 2

Question 1

Remember SOCRATES

Answer 1

In taking patient history remember the acronym socrates

Question 2

S in (socrates)

Answer 2

Site, Where is the pain?

Question 3

O (socrates)

Answer 3

Onset, when did it start?

Question 4

C (socrates)

Answer 4

Character, Burning, stabbing, aching pain?

Question 5

R (socrates)

Answer 5

Radiation, does the pain travel?

Question 6

A (socrates)

Answer 6

Associated factors, additional symptoms?

Question 7

T (socrates)

Answer 7

Timing, how long have you had the pain?

Question 8

E (socrates)

Answer 8

Exacerbating or Alleviating factors, what makes the pain worse of better

Question 9

S end of (socrates)

Answer 9

Severity, pain scale of 1-10
Examples:
10= broken femur, gunshot
9= Childbirth
etc

Question 10

Where does the abdominal aorta begin?

Answer 10

At the aortic hiatus

Question 11

Average diameter of Abdominal Aorta

Answer 11

2-3 cm proximally

Question 12

Most vessels consists of 3 layers, what are they?

Answer 12

1. Tunica Intima
2. Tunica Media ( arteries contain thicker tunica media than veins)
3. Tunica Adventitia

Question 13

Branches of Abd Aorta in order

Answer 13

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
Renal arteries (right and left)
Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)

Question 14

Celiac Trunk splits into 3 branches

Answer 14

Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery
Left gastric artery (usually too small to visualize sonographically)
-Feeds stomach and esophagus

Question 15

seagull sign

Answer 15

what the celiac trunk looks like in ultrasound

Question 16

splenic artery

Answer 16

arises from left side of celiac trunk

Question 17

is the splenic artery the largest branch of celiac artery

Answer 17

Yes and its branches feed the spleen, pancreas, stomach and the greater omentum

Question 18

common hepatic artery

Answer 18

RIGHT SIDE of celiac trunk

Question 19

CHA gives rise to 3 branches which is:

Answer 19

proper hepatic artery – supplies liver, gallbladder, stomach
right gastric artery – supplies the stomach
gastroduodenal artery – supplies stomach duodenum, pancreas, greater omentum

Question 20

superior mesenteric artery

Answer 20

Arises from anterior surface of aorta approximately 1 cm inferior to the celiac trunk

Feed the pancreas , small intestine and large intestine

Question 21

renal arteries

Answer 21

Right and left renal arteries arise from lateral aspects of aorta and course laterally to feed kidneys

Question 22

is the right renal artery (RRA) longer than left

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

orgin of RT renal artery

Answer 23

slighly superior to LT renal artery

Question 24

LEFT renal artery

Answer 24

Arises from lateral or posterolateral aspect of aorta (at approximately 3-4 o’clock position in transverse view) then “dives downward”

Question 25

Inferior Mesenteric artery (IMA)

Answer 25

Arises from anterior portion of aorta just prior to bifurcation

Question 26

What does the IMA Supply to?

Answer 26

Supplies transverse colon, descending colon, and rectum

Question 27

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA)

Answer 27

75% of all aneurysms are AAAs Caused by weakening of vessel wall

Question 28

risk factors of AAA

Answer 28

Age (>65) Family history Male Smoking Atherosclerosis (making all of the risk factors for atherosclerosis risk factors as well)

Question 29

are AAA asymptomatic before rupture?

Answer 29

YES most are

Question 30

Mortality rate of AAA Rupture

Answer 30

95%

Question 31

3 types of Triple A

Answer 31

1. Saccular 2. Fusiform 3. Dissecting

Question 32

When is surgery needed for AAA

Answer 32

when it is greater than 6 cm

Question 33

Abdominal Aorta Protocol

Answer 33

Longitudinal plane Proximal Mid Dist Rt Iliac Lt Iliac Transverse (with and w/o measurements) Proximal Mid Distal Bifurcation

Question 34

Types of procedures done in ultrasound:

Answer 34

Biopsies of Breast Thyroid Liver Kidney

Question 35

Diagnostic Procedures

Answer 35

Fluid sent to lab Why did the fluid accumulate? What is the underlying condition?

Question 36

Therapeutic Procedures

Answer 36

Fluid disposed of Palliative Done to make the patient feel better

Question 37

Thoracentesis

Answer 37

Drainage of fluid from the pleural cavity (sac that surrounds each lung) Fluid is called Pleural effusion

Question 38

Causes of Thoracentesis

Answer 38

Congestive heart failure Heart surgery Lung surgery Pneumonia Infection

Question 39

Paracentesis

Answer 39

Drainage of free fluid from the abdominal cavity Fluid is called ascites

Question 40

causes of paracentesis

Answer 40

Cirrhosis Cancer (ovarian, colon Congestive heart failure

Question 41

Amniocentesis

Answer 41

Removal of a sample of amniotic fluid for: Genetic testing (chromosomal abnormalities) Done in early 2nd trimester Mothers over 35 yrs old Abnormal bloodwork Fetal lung maturity Done in 3rd trimester preterm labor

Question 42

What is timeout

Answer 42

Action done before every invasive procedure Intention of each procedure announced out loud before procedure to ensure correct procedure is done

Question 43

Surgical Asepsis

Answer 43

Surgical asepsis is the complete removal of microorganisms and their spores from the surface of an object. This applies to all invasive procedures and surgical procedures that require a sterile field.

Question 44

Surgical Sites Zones

Answer 44

Zone 1: Unrestricted zone. No special clothing requirements. Zone 2: Persons must be dressed in scrub dress with hair and shoes covered. Zone 3: Restricted zone that requires persons to wear surgical clothing (provided by the employer), shoe covers, and masks. Doors are kept closed. Those directly involved in the surgery must wear sterile gowns and sterile gloves. This is referred to as “being scrubbed.”

Question 45

Superficial

Answer 45

Towards the surface

Question 46

Deep

Answer 46

Away from the surface

Question 47

Linear phased array

Answer 47

Produces a rectangular Image

Question 48

Curvilinear phased array

Answer 48

Produces a pie-shaped image