Exam 2

Question 1

How are consonants produced?
A. With no obstruction in the vocal tract
B. With constriction that modifies the airstream from the larynx
C. Only using the lips
D. With vocal fold vibration only

Answer 1

B. With constriction that modifies the airstream from the larynx

Question 2

How are vowels produced?
A. Without significant constriction or blockage of airflow
B. By stopping the airstream
C. Using only nasal airflow
D. With labial movement

Answer 2

A. Without significant constriction

Question 3

What is the primary articulator for vowel production?
A. Lips
B. Tongue
C. Glottis
D. Teeth

Answer 3

B. Tongue

Question 4

Which best describes sonorants?
A. Sounds produced only in the nasal cavity
B. Sounds with resonance throughout the vocal tract
C. Obstructed airflow sounds
D. Sounds with no voicing

Answer 4

B. Sounds with resonance throughout the vocal tract

Question 5

5. Which best describes obstruents?
   A. Voiced sounds with nasal airflow
   B. Unvoiced sounds produced in the glottis
   C. Sounds with resonance primarily anterior to the constriction
   D. Sounds with no articulatory placement

Answer 5

C. Sounds with resonance primarily anterior to the constriction

Question 6

What is an intervocalic consonant?
A. Appears after a vowel
B. Appears between two vowels
C. Appears before a vowel
D. Appears at the start of a sentence

Answer 6

B. Appears between two vowels

Question 7

What does “frequency” measure in speech sounds?
A. Loudness
B. Speed
C. Number of cycles of vibration per second
D. Length of time

Answer 7

C. Number of cycles of vibration per second

Question 8

What is represented by dark bars on a spectrogram?
A. Pitch
B. Formants
C. Stops
D. Intensity peaks

Answer 8

B. Formants

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a vowel acoustically?
A. Always voiceless
B. Has many antiformants
C. Voiced with relatively unobstructed vocal tract
D. Produced at the glottis only

Answer 9

C. Voiced with relatively unobstructed vocal tract

Question 10

What is voice onset time (VOT)?
A. Time between stop burst release and vowel voicing
B. Time it takes to produce a fricative
C. Time between two nasal sounds
D. Time from consonant to glottal vibration

Answer 10

A. Time between stop burst release and vowel voicing

Question 11

What is damping in speech acoustics?
A. Increase in intensity
B. Reduction in amplitude due to nasal absorption
C. Increase in frequency
D. Narrowing of the vocal tract

Answer 11

B. Reduction in amplitude due to nasal absorption

Question 12

What is coarticulation?
A. A sound made in the glottis
B. Overlapping articulatory movements in speech
C. Changing vowel pitch
D. Removing a consonant

Answer 12

B. Overlapping articulatory movements in speech

Question 13

What is assimilation?
A. Removal of a syllable
B. One sound taking on characteristics of a neighboring sound
C. Emphasizing a vowel
D. Repeating a phoneme

Answer 13

B. One sound taking on characteristics of a neighboring sound

Question 14

Regressive assimilation means:
A. Earlier sound changes later sound
B. Later sound changes earlier sound
C. A sound is deleted
D. A schwa is added

Answer 14

B. Later sound changes earlier sound

Question 15

What is elision?
A. Omission of a phoneme
B. Addition of a vowel
C. Change in intonation
D. Deletion of stress

Answer 15

A. Omission of a phoneme

Question 16

What happens in vowel reduction?
A. Vowel becomes nasalized
B. Full vowel is reduced to a schwa
C. Vowel is deleted
D. Vowel is doubled

Answer 16

B. Full vowel is reduced to a schwa

Question 17

When is rising intonation typically used?
A. Yes/no questions and tag questions
B. Wh-questions
C. Commands
D. Statements

Answer 17

A. Yes/no questions and tag

Question 18

What is an articulation disorder?
A. Difficulty producing specific phonemes due to motor issues
B. Trouble with grammar
C. Using vowels incorrectly
D. Substituting words

Answer 18

A. Difficulty producing specific phonemes due to motor issues

Question 19

What is a phonological disorder?
A. Limited motor control
B. Incorrect use of intonation
C. Difficulty understanding and using sound system rules
D. Weak tongue movement

Answer 19

C. Difficulty understanding and using sound system rules

Question 20

What is the age of mastery?
A. The age a child begins to speak
B. The age when most children can accurately produce a sound
C. The age of first vocalization
D. The age where articulation stops improving

Answer 20

B. The age when most children can accurately produce a sound

Question 21

What is weak syllable deletion?
A. Omitting an unstressed syllable
B. Replacing a stressed vowel
C. Adding a glide

Answer 21

A. Omitting an unstressed syllable

Question 22

What is cluster reduction?
A. Omitting a vowel
B. Repeating a cluster
C. Deleting a consonant from a consonant cluster
D. Adding a glide to a consonant

Answer 22

C. Deleting a consonant from a consonant cluster

Question 23

What is gliding?
A. Replacing a liquid with a glide
B. Replacing a stop with a nasal
C. Omitting a vowel
D. Changing place of articulation

Answer 23

A. Replacing a liquid with a glide

Question 24

What is fronting?
A. Using glottal sounds in place of velars
B. Replacing velars/palatals with alveolars
C. Deleting final consonants
D. Inserting an epenthetic sound

Answer 24

B. Replacing velars/palatals with alveolars

Question 25

What does nasalization indicate? A. A sound is produced with tongue tip raised B. The vocal folds are closed C. The velum is lowered for oral sounds D. The sound is devoiced

Answer 25

C. The velum is lowered for oral sounds

Question 26

What is devoicing? A. A voiced approximant becomes voiceless after a voiceless consonant B. A vowel becomes nasal C. A nasal sound is intensified D. The pitch is increased

Answer 26

A. A voiced approximant becomes voiceless after a voiceless

Question 27

What does dentalization show? A. A sound is produced with the tongue against the teeth B. The vocal cords vibrate rapidly C. A nasal is devoiced D. The velum is raised

Answer 27

A. A sound is produced with the tongue against the teeth