Exam 2

Question 1

Learning Objective 6.1

What is electrical signaling?

Answer 1

When neurons use a combination of electrical and chemical signals to communicate

Question 2

Learning Objective 6.1

Define Ions

Answer 2

Elements or molecules which are charged (positive (+), or negative (-))

Question 3

Learning Objective 6.1

How do neurons change voltage/signal?

Answer 3

The movement of Ions change the voltage/signal of neurons

Question 4

Learning Objective 6.1

What are the major Ions needed for neuron signaling?

Answer 4

Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Chloride (Cl-), and Calcium (Ca2+)

Question 5

Learning Objective 6.1

What is a concentration gradient?

Answer 5

The imbalance of Ion concentrations

Question 6

Learning Objective 6.1

What is the concentration of Ions in cells?

Answer 6

There is no equal concentration of ions inside and outside of the cell

Question 7

Learning Objectives 6.1

What is the major driving force for electrical signaling?

Answer 7

Concentration gradients

Question 8

Learning Objective 6.1

What are the Ion concentrations inside vs outside of the cell?

Answer 8

More Sodium (Na+), Chloride (Cl-), and Calcium (Ca2+) outside the cell; less inside.
More Potassium (K+) inside the cell; less outside

Question 9

Learning Objective 6.1

Define Intracellular

Answer 9

The inside of the cell

Question 10

Learning Objective 6.1

Define extracellular

Answer 10

Outside of the cell

Question 11

Learning Objective 6.2

What are Ion Channels?

Answer 11

Specialized proteins that allow Ions to pass througoh the cell membrane

Question 12

Learning Objective 6.2

What primarilty controls electrical signaling in neurons?

Answer 12

The opening and closing of channels

Question 13

Learning Objective 6.2

What are the 3 Ion channel types?

Answer 13

1. Leak
2. Ligand-Gated
3. Voltage-Gated