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PAS 502 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Pars interarticularis

A

Narrow portion of vertebral arch between superior and inferior articular processes.
More susceptible to trauma.

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2
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Damage to pars interarticularis

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3
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Can be caused by spondylolysis
Slippage of vertebral body with respect to adjacent vertebral body graded I-V

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4
Q

Atlas

A

C1
Lacks vertebral body
Directly articulates with occipital bone and allows for flexion and extension of head at atlantoocippital joint (nodding)

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5
Q

Axis

A

C2
Anterior arch has upward projection (odontoid processs) that articulates with anterior of arch of C1 allowing for rotatoin of head at atlantoaxial joint (shaking head no)

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6
Q

Sacrum

A

Five fused sacral vertebrae
Anterior and posterior sacral foramina allow rami to exit sacral canal.
Two largge articular srufaces to articulate with pelvic bones

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7
Q

Coccyx

A

Attaches to apex of sacrum
Fused 4 coccygeal vertebrae
Site of attachment for muscles and ligaments of pelvis

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8
Q

Lordotic curve

A

Concave posteriorly
Cervical and lumbar

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9
Q

Kyphotic curve

A

Concave anteriorly
Thoracic and Sacrum

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10
Q

Scoliosis

A

Spine is curved laterally

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11
Q

Zygapophyseal joints

A

Synovial joints between facests on superior and inferior articular facets

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12
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

Fibrous outer layer of intervertebral disc

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13
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Softer center of intervertebral disc

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14
Q

Where do spinal nerves exit vertebral canal

A

Intervertebral foramina

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15
Q

How many spinal nerve pairs are there

A

31

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16
Q

How many vertebrae are there

A

33

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17
Q

most common location for intervertebral disc herniation

A

Lumbar

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18
Q

What direction does a intravertebral disc herniation usually go in

A

Posterolateral bc anterior longitudinal is bigger and annular fibrosis is thinner posteriorly

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19
Q

Stages of intraventricular disc herniation

A
  1. Bulge - annular fibrosis still intact but nucleus pulposus is getting larger.
  2. Protrusion - annular tear and nucleus pulposus forced to outer layers.
  3. Extrusion - Annulus fibrosis ruptures and nucleus pulposus leaks out.
  4. Sequestration - Part of disc becomes separated and disc fragments migrate into spinal cord
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20
Q

What nerve would be compressed by herniation of C6/C7 intervertebral disc

A

C7

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21
Q

What nerve would be compressed by herniation of L3/L4 intervertebral disc

A

L4

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22
Q

Radiculopathy

A

Symptoms caused by compression of spinal nerve, nerve root, or DRG

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23
Q

Trapezius

A

O: superior nuchal lnie, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T12
I: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
N: Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Blood: superior transverse cervical a.
Action: superior fibers elevate scapula, middle fibers retract/adduct scupula, low fibers depress scapula

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24
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

O: Spinous processes of T7-L5, sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
I: Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerous
N: Thoracodorsal nerve
Blood supply: thoracodorsal artery
Action: Extend, medilally (interally) rotate and adduct glenohumeral joint

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25
Rhomboid major
O: Spinous process of T2-T5 I: medial border of scapula N: Dorsal scapular nerve Blood supply: Dorsal scapular artery (deep branch of transverse cervical artery) Action: Retract and elevate scapula
26
Rhomboid minor
O: C7-T1 I: Medial border of scapula at level of spine of scapula N: Dorsal scapular nerve Blood supply: Dorsal scapular artery (deep branch of transverse cervical artery) Action: Retract and elevate scapula
27
Levator scapulae
O: Transverse process of C1-C4 I: Superior angle of scapula N: Dorsal scapular nerve Blood supply: Dorsal scapular artery (deep branch of transverse cervical artery) Action: Elevate scapula
28
Serratus posterior superior
O: spinous process of C7-T3 I: ribs 2-5 N: Dorsal rami Action: elevate ribs 2-5
29
Serratus posterior inferior
O: Spinous processes of T11-L3 I: ribs 9-12 N: Dorsal rami Action: depress ribs 9-12
30
Erector Spinae
Primary externsors of vertebral column and head. Bilateral contraction causes extension of trunk Unilateral contraction causes lateral side bending Innervated by dorsal rami Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
31
Splenius capitis
O: Spinous processes of C7-T4 I: Mastoir process and superior nuchal line N: dorsal rami Action: bilateral contraction causes neck extension and unillateral contraction caues ipsilateral neck rotation
32
Splenius cervicis
O: Spinous processses of T3-T6 I: Transverse processes of C1-C3 N: Dorsal rami Action: bilateral contraction causes neck extension, unilateral contraction causes ipsilateral neck rotation.
33
Transversolpinales muscles
Muscels deep to erector spinae and spinotransversales. Innervated by dorsal rami Semispinalis capitis and cervicis, multifidus, rotatores
34
Semispinalis capitis and cervicis
Transversospinales muscle Extend from skull to thoracic region
35
Multifidus
Transversospinales muscle Extend entire vertebral column but most robust in lumbar region
36
Rotatores
Deepest of the transversospinales muscels
37
Suboccipital muscles
Rectus capitis posterior minor (C1 SP to occipital bone) Rectus capitis posterior major (C2 SP to occipital bone Obliquus capitis inferior (C2 SP to C1TP) Obiquus capitis superior (C1 TP to occipital bone) All innervated by suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)
38
Suboccipital triangle
Rectus capitis posterior major (medial border) Obliquus capitis inferior (inferior border) Obliquus capitis superior (lateral border) Vertebral artery Suboccipital nerve Greater occipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C2)
39
Tendons
Attach muscles to bone
40
Aponeurosis
Broad, flat tendon
41
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
42
Bursae
Synovial fluid-filled sacs found throughout body to reduce friction in areas exposed to higher degrees of wear and friction
43
Synovial tendon sheaths
Reduce friction as tendons glide
44
Boundaries of axilla
Pectoralis major and minor (anterior) Scapula, subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi (posterior) Serratus anterior, thoracic wall (medial) Intertubercular sulcus of humerus (lateral)
45
Cubital fossa borders
Medial: pronator teres Lateral: brachioradialis Superior: imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyle Floor: brachialis and supinator Roof: bicepital aponeurosis Subcutaneous tissue and skin
46
What runs through Cubital fossa
Triangluar space anterior to elbow joint. Brachial artery/vein Radial and ulnar arteries/veins Median n Radial n Biceps brachii tendon
47
Carpal tunnel
Space within anterior wrists that is a passage from forarm to hand Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Median nerve
48
Muscle compartments of the upper limb muscles
Anterior and posterior brachium Anterior and posterior antebrachium
49
Clavicle
Only bony attachment between upper limb and trunk Connects pectoral girdle at acromioclavicular joint and axial skeleton at sternoclavicular joint
50
Scapula
Flat bone that articulates with clavicle and humerus
51
Humerus
Long bone of arm that articulates with scapula poximally and ulna distally
52
Elbow joint
Synovial made of ulnohumeral and radiohumeral joint
53
Ulnohumeral joint
Trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna
54
Radiohumeral joint
Capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius
55
Radioulnar joints
Syndesmosis (minimal movement) Allow for pronation and supination oof the arm
56
Shoulder girdle (Four joints)
Sternoclavicular (saddle) Acromioclavicular (plane) Glenohumeral (ball and socket) Scapulorthoracic (physiologic)
57
Sternoclavicular joint
Saddle Only connectionbetween upper limb and axial skeleton Allows motion in ateroposterior and vertical planes
58
Ligaments of sternoclavicular joint
Anteroior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments Interclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament
59
Acromioclavicular joint
Synovial plane (gliding joint) Motion in anteroposterior and vertical planes Allows slight axial rotation
60
Acromioclavicular joint ligaments
Acromioclavicular ligament Coracoclavicular ligament (trapezoid and conoid)
61
Glenohumeral joint
Ball and socket
62
Glenohumeral stabilizing structures
Glenohumeral ligaments Deltoid muscel Rotator cuff muscles
63
Subacromial (subdeltoid) bursitis
Common cause of shoulder pain Subacromial impingement, rotator cuff injury, rheumatoid arthritis, crystal deposition
64
Scapulothoracic joint
Phyiological joint that allows for complex movement of scapula against thoracic wall. Elevation, retraction (adduction, protraction (abduction), rotation
65
Deltoid
O: spine of scapula, acromion process, lateral 1/3 of clavicle I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus N: Axillary nerve Action: Contract shoulder abduction 15-90º Anterior fibers for shoulder flexion Posterior fibers for shoulder extension
66
Teres Major
O: Inferior angle of scapula I: Intertubercular sulcus on anterior humerus N: Lower subscapular nerve Action: Extend, adduct, medially rotate shoulder
67
Pectoralis major
O: Medial clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages I: Intertubercular sulcua on anterior humerus N: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves Action: flex, adduct, and medially rotate
68
What muscles insert at intertubercular sulcus
Pectoralis major Teres major Latissimus dorsi
69
Pectoralis minor
O: Ribs 3-5 I: Coracoid process of scapula N: Medial pectoral nerve Action: depress and protract scapula
70
Serratus anterior
O: Lateral surface of ribs 1-8 I: Medial border of scapula N:Long thoracic nerve Action: Shoulder abduction past 90º
71
Long thoracic nerve
From ventral rami of C5-C7 Injury causes winging of scapula
72
Muscles of rotator cuff
Supraspinatus INfraspinatus Teres minor Subscaplaris Surrond and manipulate glenohumeral joint
73
Supraspinatus
O: Supraspinous fossa I: Greater tubercle of humerus N: Suprascapular nerve Action: Shoulder abduction to 15º Part of rotator cuff
74
Infraspinatus
O: Infraspinous fossa I: Greater tubercle of humerus N: Suprascapular nerve Action: External (lateral) rotation of shoulder Part of rotator cuff
75
Teres minor
O: lateral border og scapula I: Greater tubercle of humerus N: Axillary nerve Action: External. (lateral) rotation of shoulder Part of rotator cuff
76
Subscapularis
O: Subscapular fossa I: Lesser tubercle of humerus N: Upper and lower subscapular nerve Action: Internal (medial) rotation of right shoulder Part of rotator cuff
77
Most common rotator cuff injury
Supraspinatus
78
Triangular space
Teres minor (superior) Teres major (inferior) Long head of triceps (lateral) Circumflex scapular artery
79
Quadrangular space
Teres minor (superior) Teres major (inferior) Long head of triceps (medial) Shaft of humerus (lateral) Axillary nerve Posterior humeral circumflex
80
Triangular interval
Teres major (superior) Long head of triceps (medial) Shaft of humerus (lateral) Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery
81
Anterior (flexor) compartment of arm innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve
82
Anterior (flexor) compartment of arm blood supply
Brachial artery
83
Posterior (extensor) compartment of arm innervation
Radial nerve
84
Posterior (extensor) compartment of arm blood supply
Profunda brachii (deep brachial artery)
85
Anterior compartment of arm muscles (flexors)
Biceps brachii (long and short head) Brachialis Coracobrachialis
86
Posterior compartment of arm muscles (extensors)
Triceps brachii (long, lateral, and medial heads)
87
Biceps brachii
Proximal: long head at supraglenioid tubercle and superior labrum. Short head at coracoid process. Distal: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis inserts into antebrachial fascia of forearm. N: musculocutaneous Blood: brachial artery Action: shoulder and elbow flexion and supination
88
SLAP tear
Superior labral anterior to posterior From acute trauma or repetitive stress
89
Coracobrachils
Proximal: coracoid process Distal: anteromedial shaft of humerus N: Msculocutaneous nerve Blood: brachial artery Action: shoulder flexion and adduction
90
Brachialis
Proximal: Distal half of anterior humerus Distal: ulnar tuberosity, coronoid process of ulna N: musculocutaneouus nerve Blood: brachial artery Action: elbow flexion
91
Triceps brachii
Proximal: Long- infraglenoid tubercle, medial - posterior humerus inferior to radial groove, lateral - posterior umerus superior to radial grooe Distal: olecranon process of ulna N: radial nerve Blood: profunda brachii (deep brachial artery) Action: Elbow and shoulder extension
92
Anterior shoulder dislocation
Caused by excessive abduction, extension, and lateral rotatoin of humerus
93
Bankart lesions
Can happen in anterior shoulder dislocation. Humerus becomes compressed against labrum Detachment of anteroinferior labrum from glenoid fossa
94
Thoracic outlet spaces
Scalene tringle (anterior scalene, middle scalene, rib 1 Costoclavicular space between first rib and clavicle
95
Major arteries of upper extremity
Subclavian---> axillary--> brachial--> radial and ulnar
96
Where does the brachial artery split into radial and ulnar arteries
Cubital fossa
97
Subclavian artery branches
Vertebral Thyrocervical Costocervical Internal thoracic
98
Thyrocervical trunk branches
Suprascapular Transverse cervical Ascending cervical INferior thyroid
99
Costocervical trunk branches
Deep cervical Superior/supreme intercostal
100
Three parts of axillary artery
1. proximal to pectoralis minor 2. behind pectoralis minor 3. distal to pectoralis minor
101
Branches of first part of axillary artery
Superior thoracic artery. Supplies anterior chest wall
102
Branches of second part of of axillary artery
CLateral thoracic Thoracoacromial trunk (clavicular, acromial, pectoral, deltoid)
103
Branches of third part of axillary artery
Anterior circumflex humeral artery Posterior circumflex humeral artery Subscapular artery (circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal)
104
What runs in the triagular space
Circumflex scapular artery
105
What runs in the quadrangular space
Posterior circumflex humeral artery Axillary nerve
106
What runs in the triangular interval
Profunda brachii Radial nerve
107
Primary branches of brachial artery
Profunda brachii Radial artery Ulnar artery
108
Hand arteries
Radial and unlar arteires--> common digital arteries--> proper digital arteries
109
Princeps pollicis artery
From the radial artery. Supplies thumb
110
Radialis indicis artery
From radial arter Supplies lateral half of index finger
111
Deep veins of upper limb
Axillary Brachial Radial Ulnar
112
Superficial veins of upper limbs
Cephalic Basilic Median cubial Dorsal venous network
113
What spinal rami joint to form superior trunk of brachial plexus
C5 and C6 ventral rami Give rise to suprascapular nerve and nerve to subclavius
114
What forms the middle trunk of brachial plexus
C7
115
What forms the inferior trunk of brachial plexus
C8 and T1
116
What brachial plexus trunks contribute to the posterior cord
All three
117
What brachial plexus trunks contribute to lateral cord
Superior and middle trunks
118
What brachial plexus trunks contributes to medial cord
Inferior trunk
119
What does the lateral cord of brachial plexus give rise to
Lateral pectoral nerve
120
What does the medial cord of brachial plexus give rise to
Medial pectoral nerve Medial brachial cutaneous nerve Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
121
What does the posterior cord of brachial plexus give rise to
Upper subscapular nerve Middle subscapular (thoracodorsal) nerve Lower subscapular
122
Terminal branches of psoterior cord of brachial plexus
Axillary nerve Radila nerve
123
What does axial nerve innervate
Deltoid and teres minor
124
What does radial nerve innervate
Muscles of posterior brachium and posterior antebrachium (brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, abductor pollis longus)
125
Deep radial nerve
Motor innervation to posterior antebrachium
126
Superficial radial nerve
Sensory to posterior hand
127
Terminal branches of lateral cord of brachial plexus
Musculocutaneous nerve
128
Musculocutaneous nerve
Innervates muscles of anterior brachium Continues into forarm as lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. Pierces coracobrachialis muscle Terminates as lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
129
Terminal branches of medial cord
Ulnar nerve
130
Ulnar nerve
INnervates flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus (digits 4 and 5) INnervates majority of intrinsic muscles of hand Travels medially to brachium, courses posterior to medial epicondyle and tracvels through cubital tunnel
131
What hand muscles are innervated by ulnar nurve
Lumbricals 3 and 4 for digits 4 and 5 Dorsal palmar interossei Adductor pollicis Hypothenar eminence (flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi)
132
What forms the median nerve
Lateral and medial cord
133
Erb-duchenne palsy
Injuries to superior portions of brachial plexus (C5,C6) Injury from increase in angle between neck and shoulder Waiter's tip deformity Can happen during birth if shoulders get stuck
134
Klumpke palsy
INjury to inferior protion of brachial plexus (C8,T1) Happens when person tries to break fall by grabbing object Claw hand deformity
135
Radial nerve damage presentation
Wrist drop due to paralysis fo muscles in posterior antebracium
136
What space is not part of thoracic outlet but compression can cause symptoms thoracic outlet syndrome
Pectoralis minor space (pectoralis minor, chest wall)
137
nTOS treatmetn
Physical therapy Steroid injection, anesthetic, botulinum toxin A (all used as diagnostics also)
138
vTOS clinical presentation
Upper extremity edema, pain DVT (Paget-Schrotter syndrome, effort thrombosis)
139
vTOS diagnostics
Duplex ultrasound CT MRI Venography
140
vTOS treatment
Anticoagulation for DVT Thrombolysis for severe symptoms Surgical decrompression for persistent
141
aTOS clinical presentation
Upper limb ischemia BP differenctial Upper extremity pain with exertion Distal thromboembolism, subclavian artery stenosis or thrombosis
142
aTOS treatment
Thrombolysis Embolectomy Cervical rib resection First rib resection
143
Anular ligament
Helps proximal radioulnar joint povot for pronation and supination Holds the head of radius in the radial notch of ulna
144
Proximal radioulnar joint
Synovial (pivot) joint Radial head pivots on radial notch of ulna Does pronation and supination
145
What joints do arm pronation and supination
Humeroulnar proximal and distal radioulnar joints
146
Muscles used in arm supination
Biceps brachii of anterior compartment Supinator in posterior compartment
147
Muscles used in arm pronation
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
148
Collateral ligaments
Strong triangular bands mediaal and lateral thickenings of fibrous layer of joint capsule
149
Ulnar collateral ligament
From medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna. Anterior (strongest, tight in extension) Posterior (weakest, tight in flexion) Oblique deepens the fossa
150
What usually causes damage to medial ulnar colateral ligament
Throwing motion Causes diff throwing or gripping and paresthesias in ulnar nerve distribution
151
Radial collateral ligament
From lateral epicondyle of humerus to anular ligament of radius
152
Radial head subluxatoin
Common in children under 4 Radial head goes under the anular ligament Happens when child is pulled up by arm Child will hold arm in pronated position close to body and refuse to move it
153
Interosseus membrane
Connects shafts of radius and ulna
154
Ulnar styloid process
Bump on medial side of wrist
155
Radial styloid process
Bump on distal side of rist
156
Carpal bones
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium
157
Anatomical snuffbox borders
Tendon extensor pollicis longus Base of first metacarpal Tendon abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis Radius, styloid process
158
What is a scaphoid fracture at risk for
Avascular necrosis
159
Bone age
Appearance of ossification in carpal bones tell age of child for first ten years
160
Antecubital fossa borders
Medial: pronator teres Lateral: brachioradialis Superior: Imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyle FLoor: brachiialis supinator Roof: bicipital aponeurosis and subcuatneous tissue and skin
161
Antecubital foss contents
Brachial artery Radial nerve Median nerve Tendon of biceps brachii
162
What is primary contributor to superficial palmar arch
Ulnar artery
163
What is primary contributor to deep palmar arch
Radial artery
164
Superficial veins of arm
Basilic Cephalic Medican cubital
165
Median nerve innervation
C5-T1 Anterior compartment of forearm Radial lumbricals, abducotr pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis
166
Ulnar nerve passage
C8,T1 Travesl medially and posterior to medial epicondyle through cubital tunnel. Innervates flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorium profuncus Travels through Guyon's canal between pisiform and hook of hamate to innervate stuff
167
What in hand does ulnar nerve innervate
Lumbricals 3 and 4 (for digits 4 and 5) Dorsal and palmar interossei Adductor pollicis Hypeothenar eminence (flexor digit minimi brevis, abductor digit minini Opponens digit minimi
168
Guyon's canal
Where ulnar nerve passes between pisiform and hook of hamate
169
Cubital tunnel syndrome symptoms
Paresthesia and numbness of 4th and 5th digit Provoked by elbow flexion while sleeping Weakness in grip Decreased finger abduction due to weakened interossei muscles
170
Ulnar tunnel syndrome
Could be motor, sensory, or mixed Extrinsic motor function normal causing claw hand Can be caused by galgnion cyst, lipoma, ulnar artery, thrombosis or aneurysm, hook of hamate fracture
171
Median nerve passage
C5-T1 Travels along profunda brachi artery in spiral grove Pierces two heads of pronator teres in antecubital fossa. Travels between interediate and deep layers of forearm Passes through carpal tunnel and innervates stuff
172
What all does median nerve innervate in hand
ABductor pollicis bevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis First and second lumbricals for digits 2 and 3
173
What all goes through carpal tunnel
Median nerve Flexor pollicis longus tendon 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profuncus 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
174
Muscles of anterior compartment of antebrachium
Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum produndus Pronator quadratus Mostly flexors, some pronators, adductors, and abductors
175
Muscles of superficial anterior compartment of antebrachium
Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris
176
Origin of the superficial layer of anterior compartment of antebrachium
Medial epicondyle of humerus
177
Medial epicondylitis
Golfer's elbow Overuse strain of origins of flexor muscles of forearm Pain around medial epicondyle Resolves after rest
178
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Intermediate layer of anterior compartment of antebrachium Flex at wrist Flex fingers 2-5 at MCP and PIP joints Median nerve
179
Deep layer of anterior compartment of antebrachium
Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus Pronator quadratus
180
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flex at wrist Flex fingers 2-5 at MCP and PIP joints
181
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexes interphalangeal joint of thumb MCP flexion for thumb
182
Pronator quadratus
O: Ulna I: Radius N: Median Action: Pronate forearm
183
Avulsion of flexor digitorum profundus
Unable to flex at DIP joint Pain and tenderness over volar distal finger Jersey finger
184
Muscles of posteror comaprtment of antebrachium to wrist
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi raddialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris
185
Muscles of posterior compartment of antebrachium to the digits
Extensor digitorum Extensor indicis Extensor digiti minimi
186
Muscles of posterior compartment of antebrachium to thumb
Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus
187
What innervates the posterior compartment of antebrachium
Radial nerve
188
Only extensor that adducts
Extensor carpi ulnaris
189
Brachioradialis action
Flex at elbow
190
Extensor carpi radalis longus action
Extend and abduct wrist
191
Extensor carpi radalis brevis action
Abduct at wrist
192
Extensor digitorum action
Extend digits 2-5 at MCP
193
Extensor digiti minimi action
Extends digit 5 at MCPE
194
Extensor inidicis action
Extend digit 2
195
Extensor carpi ulnaris action
Extend and adduct wrist
196
Anconeus action
Extend forarm at elboe Abduct ulna
197
Elbow tendinitis
Repetitive use of sperficial extensor muscles of forearm Pain over lateral epicondyle radiating down posterior surface of forearm
198
What zone of flexor tendon imaging is "no man's land" with high risk for complications
Zone II
199
Thenar Emminence muscles
Thumb Abductor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Flexod pollicis brevis Median nerve
200
Hypothenar muscles
5th digit Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi Ulnar nerve
201
Opponens pollicis actoin
Medially rotate thumb
202
Abductor pollicis brevis action
Abduct thumb at metacarpopalangeal joint
203
Flexor pollicis brevis action
Flexes thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
204
Opponens digiti minimi action
Laterally rotate metacarpal V
205
Abductor digiti minimi action
Abducts fifth digit at metacarpophalangeal joint
206
Flexor digiti minimi brevis action
Flexes fifth digit metacarpophalangeal joint
207

PAS 502 (2 decks)

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