Exam 2 Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
El Niño
A
Warm ocean current come down to North to replace cold ocean current; Bad due to no fish = no birds = no fertilizer = no wind = no rain
1
Q
Most energy reradiate by Earth in this wave. Wavelengths range from 5.0 to 30 microns.
A
Longwave Energy
1
Q
Used in South America
A
Vertical Climate Zones
2
Q
Desert Climate (Bw)
A
Receives <250 mm/yr of rain.
3
Q
Tierra Fria
A
(6000-10000ft) Cooler: potatoes, cereals, and vegetables.
4
Q
Winters cold, summers very warm. Precipitation year-round, but harvest in summer. Winter precipitation is mostly snow.
A
Humid Continental (Dfa)
4
Q
June 20 or 21 where the sun is directly overhead at noon.
A
Summer Solstice
4
Q
On the western margins of continents. Precipitation is seasonal and caused by northward and southward movement of the subtropical high pressure zones.
A
Mediterranean (Cs)
5
Q
Tropic of Capricorn
A
23.5º South Latitude
6
Q
Warm Front
A
Warm air slides on top of cold air causing warm air to lose pressure and forming clouds. (Causes days of precipitation).
6
Q
Vertical Climate Zones
A
Used in South America
6
Q
Humid Tropical (Af)
A
Lie mostly withing 20º N and S of the equator. Rainy ITCZ, around 1600 mm/yr.
6
Q
Plates that were separated from a very early supercontinent that moved around the continents that we know today.
A
Tectonic Plates
7
Q
Longwave Energy
A
Most energy reradiate by Earth in this wave. Wavelengths range from 5.0 to 30 microns.
8
Q
Tierra Helada
A
(Above 14000ft) Above the snow line: ice caps.
8
Q
Mid Latitude Warm (C)
A
Variation season influences temperature. In Winter, life becomes restricted to organisms that can tolerate freezing conditions. Annual precipitation and evapotranspiration are generally less than mid-latitude climates. Influenced by the polar font.
8
Q
Has enough moisture to support such vegetation and typically lies in transitional areas between desert and more humid regions.
A
Semiarid Climate (BS)
9
Q
Orographic Precipitation
A
Wind forces air up and over mountains.
10
Q
Most energy arriving front the Sun is shortwave. Wavelengths range from 0.2 to 5.0 microns.
A
Shortwave Energy (Insolation)
10
Q
The angle at which solar radiation strikes a particular place at any point in time.
A
Angle of Incidence
11
Q
Variation season influences temperature. In Winter, life becomes restricted to organisms that can tolerate freezing conditions. Annual precipitation and evapotranspiration are generally less than mid-latitude climates. Influenced by the polar font.
A
Mid Latitude Warm (C)
12
Q
23.5º North Latitude
A
Tropic of Cancer
12
Q
Summer temps are warm because long days and high solar angles cause more radiation in a day than tropical locations receive.
A
Mid Latitude Cold (D)
13
Q
Wind forces air up and over mountains.
A
Orographic Precipitation
14
Moderated by ocean temperatures. Typical summer temps are 60-77ºF. Stay green all year. Cyclones occur in the winter.
Marine West Coast (Cfb)
15
Mediterranean (Cs)
On the western margins of continents. Precipitation is seasonal and caused by northward and southward movement of the subtropical high pressure zones.
16
Tropic of Cancer
23.5º North Latitude
16
Glaciers
Mountains of moving ice.
17
Distinct wet and dry season, wet season caused by the ITCZ.
Seasonal Humid Tropical (Aw)
18
Formed by heat and pressure. Metals & gemstones Shale -\> Slate Limestone -\> Marble Coal -\> Diamond Sandstone -\> Quartzite
Metamorphic Rocks
19
Change in direction of object's path due to Earth's rotation.
Coriolis Effect
20
Winds exceeding 119 km/h in the Northwestern Pacific
Typhoons
23
Outwash Plain
The downward slopping plane from a moving glacier. In front of the moraine
24
January - moves south toward tropic of capricorn mainly over land July - moves north towards the tropic of cancer over land
Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
26
Summer Solstice
June 20 or 21 where the sun is directly overhead at noon.
27
The blockage of outgoing long wave energy causes Earth;s atmosphere to heat.
Greenhouse Effect
27
Warm air slides on top of cold air causing warm air to lose pressure and forming clouds. (Causes days of precipitation).
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Warm Front
28
Cold Front Map Symbol
Blue lines with triangles
. 
29
Extreme form of weather created when energy conditions in the atmosphere are such, that extremely intense convection occurs.
Tornadoes
30
(10000-14000ft) Above the tree line: grazing.
Puna
32
Autumnal Equinox
September 22 or 23. The perpendicular rays of the sun strike the equator, and the sun is directly overhead at the equator.
33
Typhoons
Winds exceeding 119 km/h in the Northwestern Pacific
34
General Circulation
35
Winter Solstice
December 21 or 22 at noon where the sun is directly overhead of places along the Tropic of Capricorn.
36
Volcanoes
Surface vent where lava emerges; Magma: inside (molten rock); Lava: once it has emerged from inside
37
Puna
(10000-14000ft) Above the tree line: grazing.
38
Over 3 km thick cover vast areas of Greenland and Antarctica.
Continental Glaciers
40
Humid Continental (Dfa)
Winters cold, summers very warm. Precipitation year-round, but harvest in summer. Winter precipitation is mostly snow.
41
U-shaped Valleys
Alpine glacier flows through a V-shape valley and it scours away from the rocks and rebounds the bottom. When the ice melts, the U-shaped valley remain, surrounding the knife-edge ridges.
42
Lie mostly withing 20º N and S of the equator. Rainy ITCZ, around 1600 mm/yr.
Humid Tropical (Af)
43
Centers of low pressure that develop along the polar front.
Cyclones
44
Condensation
Conversion from vapor to liquid state.
45
(3000ft-6000ft) More temperate zone: coffee, citrus fruits, field crops.
Tierra Templada
47
Warm Front Map Symbol
A red line with half circles on one side.
48
Southeast US, Northeast South America. Occurs in latitudes between 25º to 40º on E side of continentals and between 35º and 50º on the W sides. Warm most of the year but get freezing conditions in summer.
Humid Subtropical (Cfa)
50
Frontal Precipitation
Forms along a front, which is a boundary between two air masses. An air mass is a large region of air with relatively uniform characteristics of temperature and humidity.
50
Igneous Rocks
"Hard" because it resists erosion, creating uplands. Metals, Gemstones, and Granite
50
A ridge formed by the leftover rocks and deposits from a moving glacial lobe.
Moraine
51
Breaking down boulders to rocks to pebbles to sand to silt.
Weathering
53
Continental Glaciers
Over 3 km thick cover vast areas of Greenland and Antarctica.
55
Angle of Incidence
The angle at which solar radiation strikes a particular place at any point in time.
56
Tectonic Plates
Plates that were separated from a very early supercontinent that moved around the continents that we know today.
57
March 20 or 21 at noon on the Northern Hemisphere. The perpendicular rays of the sun strike the equator, and the sun is directly overhead at the equator.
Vernal Equinox
58
Cold Front
When cold air mass advances against a warmer one. As the cold, denser air advances, it wedges beneath the warm air, forcing it to rise.
59
Vernal Equinox
March 20 or 21 at noon on the Northern Hemisphere. The perpendicular rays of the sun strike the equator, and the sun is directly overhead at the equator.
59
Normal Faults
Stressed cracks from plate activity.
60
Marine West Coast (Cfb)
Moderated by ocean temperatures. Typical summer temps are 60-77ºF. Stay green all year. Cyclones occur in the winter.
61
September 22 or 23. The perpendicular rays of the sun strike the equator, and the sun is directly overhead at the equator.
Autumnal Equinox
62
Conversion from vapor to liquid state.
Condensation
63
Receives \<250 mm/yr of rain.
Desert Climate (Bw)
64
"Softer" so it erodes more easily (layered), creating mostly lowlands. Fossil Fuels, Limestones, Sandstones, Shale, Coal.
Sedimentary Rocks
66
General Circulation
66
Dry Climate (B)
Generally located in bands immediately to the N and S of the low-latitude humid climates.
67
The difference in pressure between two places.
Pressure Gradient
68
Stressed cracks from plate activity.
Normal Faults
69
Movement in any fluid, caused when part of the fluid is heated. The heated portion expands and becomes less dense, and rises up through the cooler portion. Causes dispersion of heat by air currents.
Convection
70
Tornadoes
Extreme form of weather created when energy conditions in the atmosphere are such, that extremely intense convection occurs.
70
A red line with half circles on one side.
Warm Front Map Symbol
71
The force put on a given area by the weight of the air above it.
Air Pressure
72
Tells us how wet air is. Actual water content of the air, expressed as a percentage of how much water the air could hold at a given temperature.
Relative Humidity
73
Alpine Glaciers
Accumulated mountains of snow that hasn't melted in years. Like on the peak of mountains
75
Metamorphic Rocks
Formed by heat and pressure. Metals & gemstones Shale -\> Slate Limestone -\> Marble Coal -\> Diamond Sandstone -\> Quartzite
76
Horizontal movements transfer of air. Heat advects from tropical areas toward the poles when warm winds blow poleward. Another form is ocean currents that move toward the polar regions.
Advection
77
Accumulated mountains of snow that hasn't melted in years. Like on the peak of mountains
Alpine Glaciers
79
Convection
Movement in any fluid, caused when part of the fluid is heated. The heated portion expands and becomes less dense, and rises up through the cooler portion. Causes dispersion of heat by air currents.
80
Pattern of weather in the same area over many years.
Climate
81
Gathers strength by drawing in warm, humid air and converting the latent heat it contains into sensible heat, which drives the motion of the storm. More water vapor more latent heat.
Hurricanes
81
Blue lines with triangles
. 
Cold Front Map Symbol
83
Continental plates that haven't been touched.
Shields
85
La Niña
Colder than normal ocean current in the equator.
86
Cyclones
Centers of low pressure that develop along the polar front.
86
(6000-10000ft) Cooler: potatoes, cereals, and vegetables.
Tierra Fria
87
Sedimentary Rocks
"Softer" so it erodes more easily (layered), creating mostly lowlands. Fossil Fuels, Limestones, Sandstones, Shale, Coal.
88
Surface vent where lava emerges; Magma: inside (molten rock); Lava: once it has emerged from inside
Volcanoes
89
Precipitation induced when warm, moist air is heated at the ground surface, rises, cools, and condenses to form water droplets, raindrops, and eventually rainfall.
Convection Precipitation
90
(0-3000ft) Hot zone of tropical characteristics: bananas, rice, and sugar cane.
Tierra Caliente
92
Coriolis Effect
Change in direction of object's path due to Earth's rotation.
93
Pressure Gradient
The difference in pressure between two places.
94
Humid Subtropical (Cfa)
Southeast US, Northeast South America. Occurs in latitudes between 25º to 40º on E side of continentals and between 35º and 50º on the W sides. Warm most of the year but get freezing conditions in summer.
96
Greater at sea level than a mile high (Denver).
Average Atmospheric Pressure (mbs)
97
Where every months mean \>65ºF.
Tropical Climate (A)
98
The downward slopping plane from a moving glacier. In front of the moraine
Outwash Plain
99
Average Atmospheric Pressure (mbs)
Greater at sea level than a mile high (Denver).
100
Moraine
A ridge formed by the leftover rocks and deposits from a moving glacial lobe.
101
Mountains of moving ice.
Glaciers
103
Alpine glacier flows through a V-shape valley and it scours away from the rocks and rebounds the bottom. When the ice melts, the U-shaped valley remain, surrounding the knife-edge ridges.
U-shaped Valleys
104
Advection
Horizontal movements transfer of air. Heat advects from tropical areas toward the poles when warm winds blow poleward. Another form is ocean currents that move toward the polar regions.
105
Semiarid Climate (BS)
Has enough moisture to support such vegetation and typically lies in transitional areas between desert and more humid regions.
106
December 21 or 22 at noon where the sun is directly overhead of places along the Tropic of Capricorn.
Winter Solstice
108
Seasonal Humid Tropical (Aw)
Distinct wet and dry season, wet season caused by the ITCZ.
109
Colder than normal ocean current in the equator.
La Niña
111
When cold air mass advances against a warmer one. As the cold, denser air advances, it wedges beneath the warm air, forcing it to rise.
Cold Front
113
Forms along a front, which is a boundary between two air masses. An air mass is a large region of air with relatively uniform characteristics of temperature and humidity.
Frontal Precipitation
114
Global Atmospheric Circulation
3 types - hadley, ferril, polar Responsible for subtropical deserts. Redistribute energy (Hadley is the most important)
115
Relative Humidity
Tells us how wet air is. Actual water content of the air, expressed as a percentage of how much water the air could hold at a given temperature.
116
Study of landforms and the processes that create them.
Geomorphology
117
Radiant energy emitted by the sun, particularly electro magnetic.
Solar Radiation
118
Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
January - moves south toward tropic of capricorn mainly over land July - moves north towards the tropic of cancer over land
119
3 types - hadley, ferril, polar Responsible for subtropical deserts. Redistribute energy (Hadley is the most important)
Global Atmospheric Circulation
120
Climate
Pattern of weather in the same area over many years.
121
Tierra Templada
(3000ft-6000ft) More temperate zone: coffee, citrus fruits, field crops.
122
(Above 14000ft) Above the snow line: ice caps.
Tierra Helada
123
Shields
Continental plates that haven't been touched.
124
Tropical Climate (A)
Where every months mean \>65ºF.
125
Generally located in bands immediately to the N and S of the low-latitude humid climates.
Dry Climate (B)
126
23.5º South Latitude
Tropic of Capricorn
127
Shortwave Energy (Insolation)
Most energy arriving front the Sun is shortwave. Wavelengths range from 0.2 to 5.0 microns.
128
Geomorphology
Study of landforms and the processes that create them.
129
Tierra Caliente
(0-3000ft) Hot zone of tropical characteristics: bananas, rice, and sugar cane.
130
Solar Radiation
Radiant energy emitted by the sun, particularly electro magnetic.
131
"Hard" because it resists erosion, creating uplands. Metals, Gemstones, and Granite
Igneous Rocks
132
Warm ocean current come down to North to replace cold ocean current; Bad due to no fish = no birds = no fertilizer = no wind = no rain
El Niño
133
Hurricanes
Gathers strength by drawing in warm, humid air and converting the latent heat it contains into sensible heat, which drives the motion of the storm. More water vapor more latent heat.
134
Greenhouse Effect
The blockage of outgoing long wave energy causes Earth;s atmosphere to heat.
135
Weathering
Breaking down boulders to rocks to pebbles to sand to silt.
136
Convection Precipitation
Precipitation induced when warm, moist air is heated at the ground surface, rises, cools, and condenses to form water droplets, raindrops, and eventually rainfall.
137
Air Pressure
The force put on a given area by the weight of the air above it.
138
Mid Latitude Cold (D)
Summer temps are warm because long days and high solar angles cause more radiation in a day than tropical locations receive.
