Exam 2

Question 1

Ideal Maximum Intercuspation

1. There must be __________ of the maxillary over the mandibular teeth.
2. Occlusal forces should be exerted down what?
3. What tooth occlusal contacts should dominate over ______ teeth?
4. Anterior teeth should display what?
5. There should be multiple occlusal contacts on ___________ that adequately distribute forces.

Answer 1

1. Adequate Overlap
2. The long axis of posterior teeth
3. Posterior dominate over Anterior
4. Passive occlusal contact, or minimal occlusal contact with each other
5. All teeth

Question 2

Why is a Superior and Anterior position of the condyle important?

Answer 2

• It’s the most optimum biomechanical position
• The muscles of mastication drive the process
• Muscles of mastication require a proper anatomical position of the condyle to maintain minimal contracture

Question 3

Centric Relation to Maximum Intercuspation

1. Only _____ of the population have no centric relation to max intercuspation discrepancy or slide.
2. Those with a slide, after the 1st occlusal contact in CR is obtained on two or more teeth, the patient continues to close and slide on the inclines of _____________?
3. The Maxillary and Mandibular teeth will come together more completely in the _____________ position.
4. The condyles must move out of their ideal position when the teeth come fully together and this position is ______, _______, and slightly __________ to the MI position.

Answer 3

1. 15%
2. Posterior teeth
3. Maximum Intercuspation
4. Anterior, Superior, Slightly Lateral

Question 4

Movements of the Mandible

1. What is movement away from a centrally located position (CR or MI)?
2. What is posterior movement of mandible?
3. What is movement to the right or left?
4. What is anterior movement of mandible?

Answer 4

1. Eccentric
2. Retrusive
3. Lateral
4. Protrusive

Question 5

Give some characteristics of Group Function Occlusion.

Answer 5

• One or more of the posterior teeth, in combination with some anterior teeth are in some degree of contact during the complete extent of lateral movement
• Considered the Secondary Occlusal Scheme
• Most Practical Approach
• Older patients commonly exhibit this than canine protected articulation

Question 6

What are the characteristics of Crossover?

Answer 6

• Extreme lateral movement
• Mandibular canine “crosses over” the cusp tip of the maxillary canine
• Position outside the normal envelope of function
• Critical to success of Anterior restorations

Question 7

During Normal Closure of the Mandible…

1. Where will the condyle be?
2. What muscles will contract?
3. What muscles will relax?
4. What does the posterior neck musculature do?

Answer 7

1. In the glenoid fossa
2. Anterior Temporalis Fibers, Medial Pterygoid, Masseter
3. Suprahyoids and Infrahyoids
4. They minimally contract to hold the cranium in place

** Inferior head of the lateral pterygoid does NOT contract **

Question 8

Normal Jaw Opening Movement - Late

1. Inferior head of lateral pterygoid is at ____?
2. Which ligaments prevents any further anterior movement of the condyle?
3. Where is the condyle located when it has moved as far anterior as it can?
4. The articular disc has rotated _______ over the _______ portion of the head of the condyle.
5. The superior head of the lateral pterygoid is in __________?
6. What are in maximum tautness and cannot further hold the articular disc over the head of the condyle without stretching or tearing?

Answer 8

1. Maximum point of contracture
2. Temporomandibular Ligament, Stylomandibular Ligament, Sphenomandibular Ligament, Capsular Ligament
3. At the inferior border of the slope of the articular eminence
4. Posteriorly, Posterior
5. Maximum contracture
6. Superior retrodiscal tissues

Question 9

What direction are the muscle vectors in the following:

1. Anterior, middle and posterior temporalis?
2. Masseter?
3. Medial Pterygoid muscle?
4. Inferior head of the lateral Pterygoid muscle?

Answer 9

1. Superior
2. Superior
3. Superior and slightly medial (medotrusive)
4. Anterior and Medial (slightly mediotrusive)

Question 10

1. What are the accessory muscles of mastication?
2. What do those muscles serve as?
3. By themselves, can they effectively drive the process of normal mandibular movement?
4. What are they primarily known for?

Answer 10

1. Suprahyoids, Infrahyoids, Posterior Neck Musculature
2. Adjuncts or supportive entities
3. No
4. Expression of dysfunction and pain that occurs as a result of a Temporomandibular or Occlusal problem.

Question 11

What are some characteristics of a Class 3 Lever System?

Answer 11

• Teeth or Load are opposite the Fulcrum (condyle) with effort (musculature) in the middle
• Amount of effort is greater than the forces exerted on the load
• Optimum amount of work will be done
• Lasts for a moderate period of time (80 years)

Question 12

For a 1.) Maxillary lingual cusps and Mandibular facial cusps and 2.) Maxillary facial cusps and Mandibular lingual cusps, give the

Preferred Name

Secondary Name

Acceptable Name

Obsolete Name

Answer 12

Max Lingual / Mand. Facial

• Centric, Functional, Supporting, Stamp

Max Facial / Mand. Lingual

• Non-centric, Non-functional, Guiding, Shearing

Question 13

A cusp-fossa relationship implies what?

Describe this relationship.

Answer 13

That a cusp in one arch will occlude or articulate or reside in a fossa of the opposing arch.

** This is a very stable occlusal relationship **

Question 14

1. What kind of lubrication does the synovial cavities possess?
2. What movement of the mandible does the superior synovial cavity display?
3. What movement of the mandible does the inferior synovial cavity display?

Answer 14

1. Boundary and Weeping Lubrication
2. Translation
3. Rotation

Question 15

Where does the Lingual cusp of the maxillary second premolar reside on an ideal intercuspal position?

Answer 15

In the distal marginal ridge or distal fossa of the mandibular second premolar

Question 16

In an ideal occlusion, where does the mesiofacial cusp of the maxillary second molar occlude?

Answer 16

On the facial groove (mesiofacial) of the mandibular second molar

Question 17

During a left lateral (working - laterotrusive) movement, the facial cusp of the maxillary 2nd premolar escapes where?

Answer 17

In the occlusal embrasure between the mandibular 2nd premolar and the mandibular 1st molar

Question 18

What is abfraction?

The breakdown is independent of what?

Answer 18

• Abfraction - a mechanism that explains the loss of dentin tissue and tooth enamel by flexure and ultimate material fatigue of susceptible teeth at locations away from the point of loading
• The breakdown is independent of the magnitude, duration, frequency and location of the forces.

Question 19

When a patient is undergoing right lateral movement, what terms are acceptible for the Right side? Left Side?

Answer 19

Right side:

• Rotating, Laterotrusive, Working, Functioning

Left side:

• Translating, Mediotrusive, Balancing, Orbiting

Question 20

In an ideal occlusion, during a left non-working side movement, The mesio lingual cusp of the maxillary left 2nd molar will be located or pass over what in the mandible?

Answer 20

The triangular ridge and cusp tip of the Distal Facial cusp of the mandibular left second molar

Question 21

1. What are border movements of the mandible defined as?
2. The muscles, teeth and primarily the __________ determine the extent to which the mandible is allowed to move
3. What is needed to capture the dynamic positioning of the mandible in all 3 reference planes?

Answer 21

1. Extreme anatomical limits or mandibular movement exhibited in all three planes of reference
2. Ligaments
3. Pantograph

Question 22

How many locations and tracing plates are there in a Pantographic Tracing?

Answer 22

• 3 Locations - both condyles, anterior teeth
• 3 plates each = 9 total plates
• Sagittal, Horizontal, Frontal

Question 23

In a sagittal view of the border movements of the mandible at the location of the anterior teeth, which location shows minimal tonus of the musculature?

Answer 23

RP - Resting Position

Question 24

In a horizontal plane or the border movements of the mandible, which items have occlusal tooth contact and which do not?

Answer 24

Occlusal Tooth Contact:

• CR, MI, ELL, ERL, MP

No Occlusal Tooth Contact:

• RP, VCA, HCA

Question 25

If a condylar guidance was the only vertical determinate of occlusion, the cusp angles would need to be ______ than the angle of the articular eminence in order to avoid \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 25

* LESS * Collision in eccentric movements

Question 26

Anterior Guidance 1. The incisal edges of the mandibular anterior teeth _________ occlude with the lingual surface of the maxillary anterior teeth in maximum intercuspation. 2. The _________ of the lingual surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth determine the amount of ______ movement of the mandible. 3. Anterior guidance is considered to be a ________ factor. It can be altered \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 26

1. Lightly or Passively 2. Steepness, Vertical 3. Variable, Restoratively, Orthodontically, Surgically

Question 27

What happens as the amount of Vertical Overlap increases?

Answer 27

* The Anterior Guidance angle increases * More of a vertical component to mandibular movement * May have steeper posterior cusps

Question 28

In a patient with a steeper angle in the anterior teeth than the posterior teeth, what will the 1st premolars and the 2nd molars be influenced by?

Answer 28

The 1st premolars will be influenced more by the anterior controlling factor, while the 2nd molars will be more influenced by the posterior controlling factors.

Question 29

The plane of occlusion is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? And the clinician _____ change the nature and position of it.

Answer 29

Variable - Can

Question 30

Is the curve of Spee variable or non-variable? The longer the radius, the ________ the Curve of Spee.

Answer 30

Variable, Flatter

Question 31

1. In an ideal situation, if the temporomandibular ligament of the working side condyle is tight, the non-working condyle is ______ to the medial wall, and a _______ is made. 2. When there's some looseness of the temporomandibular ligament of the working condyle, ________ is present between the non-working condyle and the medial wall of the fossa. This produces what?

Answer 31

1. Close, pure arcing movement 2. Some space Produces a _Mandibular Lateral Translation Movement_

Question 32

1. What is immediate sideshift? 2. What is progressive sideshift? 3. What does immediate sideshift + progressive sideshift = 4. The greater the immediate sideshift, the _______ the posterior cusps must be and the _______ are opposing fossae and grooves.

Answer 32

1. Initial mandibular lateral translation movement, before condyles translates from fossa 2. The progressive lateral translation movement of condyle in downward, forward and medial direction 3. Shorter, Wider

Question 33

What can be seen when a patient has a centric contact between the triangular ridge of the Mesio Lingual cusp of the maxillary 1st molar and the triangular ridge of the Mesio Facial cusp of the mandibular 1st molar?

Answer 33

Premature B Contact Display the condyle on the SAME SIDE deviating laterally