Exam 2

Question 0

The audiogram is used to describe what?

Answer 0

Degree of hearing loss, type of hearing loss, if referral is needed, and to predict ability to listen and communicate.

Question 1

What is the range of hertz that the audiogram measures?

Answer 1

250-8000Hz

Question 2

Give three examples of a diagnostic and computer based audiometer.

Answer 2

1.) interacoustic Model AC40
2.) Grason-Stradler Inc, Model 61
3.) Aurial
(*Diagnostic Audiometers must always have two separate channels with all of the functions duplicated.)

Question 3

What was the original automatic audiometer?

Answer 3

Bekesy audiometer–hold to raise and release to lower.

Question 4

Screening audiometer

Answer 4

Uses limited pure tones.
Used in schools and hospitals.
(20dB screened at 1000, 2000, and 4000Hz)

Question 5

FM (frequency modulated) or warble tones (types of stimuli)

Answer 5

Typically used with peds population and holds the interest of this population more.

Question 6

Pulsed-tones (type of stimuli)

Answer 6

Typically used with adults and increases patients awareness of the stimuli (distinguishes btwn tinnitus and the stimulus.)

Question 7

Narrow band noise

Answer 7

Used as a master for pure tone stimuli and used for peds testing.

Question 8

Speech noise

Answer 8

Used as a basket for speech stimuli

Question 9

Transducers

Answer 9

Device capable of vibrating when activated by an electrical signal from the oscillator, converts the electrical signal into a vibration that can be heard.

Question 10

Types of transducers

Answer 10

Insert earphones, super-aural headphones, high frequency earphones, speakers, and bone conduction vibrator

Question 11

Insert earphones

Answer 11

-Acoustic diaphragm housed in a case,
Sent through a small tube, and placed in the ear by a disposable foam cuff
-Disposable 
-Placement is important
-Test 250-8000Hz

Question 12

Supra-aural headphones

Answer 12

• Standard use before inserts were developed.
• Position is important
• Can cause collapsed canal
• Tests 250-8000Hz
• 5dB higher output than inserts

Question 13

High frequency earphones

Answer 13

• Used to test frequencies above 8000Hz

- Placement is important

Question 14

Sound field speakers

Answer 14

• Test patients with hearing aids
• Test young children
• Not ear specific
• –Best to use narrowband noises or warble tones

Question 15

Bone conduction vibrator

Answer 15

• Placed on mastoid, doesn’t touch auricle, and placed under hair
• Placed on one side of the head at a time
• Both ears receive vibration
• Masking must be used to get ear specific thresholds

Question 16

What is the range (in Hz) that bone conduction tests?

Answer 16

250-4000Hz

Question 17

What is the limited intensity range of bone conduction and is it frequency dependent?

Answer 17

50-80dB

Yes, it is frequency dependent

Question 18

Vibro-tactile response

Answer 18

Low-frequency (500Hz or lower and high intensity 55dB+)

Question 19

Bone conduction (unmasked) gives threshold from which ear?

Answer 19

The BEST hearing ear NOT the ear the bone vibrator is closest to

Question 20

How to avoid the occlusion effect

Answer 20

EACs must be uncovered (unmasked thresholds)

Question 21

How often do the Audiometers have to be calibrated?

Answer 21

Annually through special equipment and usually through an outside company.
(Sound booths/rooms are also tested annually for acceptable noise levels)

Question 22

What are air conduction and speech testing transducers?

Answer 22

Insert earphones or headphones

Question 23

Air conduction tests what frequencies?

Answer 23

125-20,000Hz (250-8000 most common)

-10 to 110/120dB

Question 24

Speech testing (CD or MP3 files)

Answer 24

- Speech reception thresholds (STRs) - Word discrimination scores - Speech in noise testing - Auditory processing tests

Question 25

What does bone conduction test (in terms of frequency and decibels)

Answer 25

250-4000Hz | -10 to 50-80dB

Question 26

Air conduction and bone conduction

Answer 26

- Patients hearing loss is basses on AC results - AC looks at the entire auditory system - BC looks at the inner ear - The combination of AC and BC helps identify where the hearing loss occurs

Question 27

Normal hearing loss

Answer 27

- All parts of the ear function normally | - No air-bone gap: within 10dB (air/bone essentially the same) AND all thresholds are equal or better than 25 dB HL

Question 28

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)

Answer 28

- Problem in the inner ear - No air bone gap: within 10dB (air/bone are essentially the same) and at least some thresholds (air and bone) are worse than 25dB HL

Question 29

Conductive hearing loss (CHL)

Answer 29

- Problem in the outer or middle ear | - Air bone gap present: >10dB AND bone conduction is equal to or better than 25dB

Question 30

Mixed hearing loss

Answer 30

- Problem in the outer OR middle ear AND the inner ear | - Air bone gap present: >10dB AND bone conduction thresholds are >25dB HL

Question 31

Procedure for obtaining pure tone thresholds

Answer 31

1. ) Directions to the patient 2. ) Put transducer on ears 3. ) Test better ear first 4. ) Test AC before BC

Question 32

What are the frequencies tested for AC when testing for pure tone?

Answer 32

250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, 8000Hz *1000Hz is recommended starting frequency

Question 33

When must you test half octaves?

Answer 33

(Half octaves: 750, 1500Hz) | When 20dB difference or more btwn octaves

Question 34

What are the frequencies tested for BC when testing pure tone?

Answer 34

250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000

Question 35

Pure tone testing: level of first presentation?

Answer 35

10dB below the level of the listener's response to the familiarization presentation

Question 36

Modified Hughson Westlake technique

Answer 36

Start up 5dB down 10dB | Ascending threshold procedure

Question 37

Threshold

Answer 37

Softest level a patient can accurately identify 2/3 of the time

Question 38

False positive

Answer 38

Patient responds when no sound is present

Question 39

False negative

Answer 39

Patient does not respond even when a sound is audible

Question 40

Techniques for testing infants and toddlers

Answer 40

- Having an assistant is easiest - Try to use headphones for ear specific information - Newborns to 5-6 months test via physiologic measures--Immittance, OAEs, ABRs - Visual reinforcement audiometry (ages 6 months to 2 years) - Conditioned play audiometry (ages 2-4 years)

Question 41

Visual reinforcement audiometry | 6 months to 2 years

Answer 41

- mechanical toy in tinted box lights up when sound is played - child is then distracted away from mechanical toy and then it is presented again - only turns on when head is turned

Question 42

Conditioned play audiometry | Ages 2-4 years

Answer 42

- can be tested by AC and BC | - child performs fun activity when pure tone is heard