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Physio 215 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Function of the ependymal cells?

A

serves as a shock-absorbing fluid to prevent the brain from bumping against hard skull

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1
Q

Help form and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ependymal cells

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2
Q

What is blood-brain barrier?

A

Limit access of blood-borne materials into brain tissue

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3
Q

Hormonal Communications by chemical messengers

A

Endocrine System

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4
Q

Neural communication by nerve cells

A

Nervous system

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5
Q

Receptor

A

Response to stimulus

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6
Q

Sensory neuron

A

transmits afferent impulses to the CNS

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7
Q

Integration center

A

Region within the CNS, sensory impulse to motor impulse

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8
Q

motor neuron

A

conducts efferent impulses from integration center to effector

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9
Q

effector

A

muscle fibers and glands

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10
Q

somatic

A

carries sensory info from skin, skeletal muscles

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11
Q

visceral

A

carries sensory info from smooth muscles, glands, and organs

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12
Q

dorsal

A

upper side or back of

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13
Q

ventral

A

underside

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14
Q

What is salutatory conduction?

A

type of nerve impulse that helps signals get from one place to another

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15
Q

Thalamus

A

Motor control
receives auditory
visual signal
controls sleep and awake states

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

controls body temp
controls food intake
controls anterior pituitary hormone secretion
participates in sleep-wake cycle

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17
Q

Insula (Insular cortex)

A

Integrates autonomic info

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18
Q

Cerebellum

A

maintains proper position of body
motor activity
sends input to the motor areas of cortex

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19
Q

pons

A

helps regulate rate & depth of breathing

relays nerve impulses

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20
Q

medulla

A

conducts ascending and descending impulses between brain & spinal cord
contains cardiac vasomotor & resp. control center

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21
Q

sensory cortex

A

conscious awareness of sensation

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22
Q

motor cortex

A

control voluntary movement

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23
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

region of brain where spoke language is understood

language comprehension
language recognition

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24
Broca's area
controls speaking ability
25
brain stem
controls many life-sustaining processes | oldest region in brain
26
sympathetic
response
27
parasympathetic
energy
28
lipid soluble
bind to cytoplasmic receptors & transported to the nucleus | moves through plasma membrane
29
lipid insoluble
bind to cell surface receptors binding can lead to a second messenger
30
Short term memory
lasts for seconds to hours
31
long term memory
retained for days to years | stored and can be recalled throughout a lifetime
32
Alzheimers disease
progressive degeneration disease of brain that results in dementia
33
Parkinson's disease
degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the substatantia nigra
34
Huntington disease
fatal hereditary disorder caused by protein huntington that leads to degeneration of the basal nuclei & cerebral cortex
35
Cerebrovascular accidents
blood circulation is blocked & brain tissue dies
36
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
blood flows to a part of brain and stops for a brief period of time
37
automic nerve damage
visual auditory (hearing)
38
motor nerve damage
muscle coordination
39
sensory nerve damage
emotion
40
Sensory & Visceral Stimuli
Afferent
41
Somatic & Autonomic
Efferent
42
Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
Autonomic
43
Motor neurons -> skeletal muscles
Somatic
44
Smooth, cardiac, exocrine, glands
Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
45
digestive organs only
enteric
46
What is EEG?
records electrical activity that accompanies brain function
47
Nonrapid eye movement
slow wave
48
rapid eye movement
paradoxical
49
REM
(Paradoxical) skeletal muscles are actively inhibited most dreaming occurs
50
NREM stage 1
(Paradoxical) relaxation begins arousal is easy
51
NREM stage 2
(Slow wave) irregular EEG with sleep spindles arousal is difficult
52
NREM stage 3
(Slow wave) sleep deepens vital signs decline
53
NREM stage 4
``` (slow wave) EEG is dominated by delta waves bed wetting night terrors sleepwalking ```
54
Synapse
small gap at the end of a neuron that allows info to pass from one neuron to the next
55
Presynaptic
conducts impulses toward the synapse
56
Postsynaptic
transmits impulses away from the synapse
57
Dendrite
receptive region
58
cell body
biosynthetic center & receptive region
59
axon
nerver fiber | elongated tubular extension that conducts action potential away from the
60
axon hillock
first portion of axon
61
axon terminal
release chemical messengers that influence other cells with which they come close associated
62
myelin sheath
reduces a membranes ion permeability
63
Dura mater
thickest outer layer protective layer supports the large venous channels that carry bloom from brain to heart
64
arachnoid mater
middle, thin membrane composed of fibrous tissue covered by flat cells
65
pia mater
Inner, thin membrane | surface of brain & spinal cord
66
astrocytes
most abudant holds neurons together guides neurons during fatal brain development takes up excess K+ from brain
67
oligodendrogytes
enhances velocity of electrical transmission
68
microglia
immune defense release low levels of growth factors in resting state regulates mitosis, phagocyte
69
ependymal cells
ciliated | help form & circulate cerebrospinal fluid
70
ligand-gated
open with binding of a specific neurotransmitter
71
voltage-gated channel
open and close in response to changes in membrane potential
72
membrane channels
open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors
73
nociception
from nerve endings sensitive to temp
74
chemoreceptors
detect ions & molecules (smell & taste)
75
mechanoreceptors
changes in pressure, position, stretch, touch, hearing
76
thermoreceptors
hot or cold temps
77
pain receptors
severe heat & pressure & chemical release by inflamed tissue
78
What is a weak stimulus?
cause few neurons to fire and at a slow rate
79
What is a strong stimulus?
cause thousands of neurons to fire at the same time and at hundreds of times per second
80
What is the functional unit of the nervous system?
Neurons

Physio 215 (1 decks)

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