Exam #2 Flashcards
(341 cards)
1
Q
PCP
A
Primary Care Physician
Pneumocystis pneumonia
2
Q
CMV
A
Cytomegalovirus
3
Q
HIV
A
Human Immunodeficiency virus
4
Q
RBC
A
Red blood cell
5
Q
WBC
A
White blood cell
6
Q
Hg, HGB
A
Hemoglobin
7
Q
CBC
A
Complete blood count
8
Q
Decode: Vasodilator
A
Vas/o = vessel -dilator = expand
9
Q
Decode: Erythromycin
A
Erythr/o = red myc/o = fungi -in = pertaining to
10
Q
Decode: Vasoconstriction
A
Vas/o = vessel
- constrict = tighten
- ion = process
11
Q
Decode: Toxicology
A
Tox/o = poison -ology = the study of
12
Q
Decode: Pharmacology
A
Pharm/a = drug -ology = the study of
13
Q
Decode: Antihistamine
A
Anti- = before hist/a= tissue -mine = nitrogen compound
14
Q
Decode: Narcotics
A
Narc/o = sleep -ic = pertaining to
15
Q
Decode: Carcinogen
A
Carcin/o = cancer -gen = substance that produced
16
Q
Decode: Chemotherapy
A
Chem/o = drug -therapy = treatment
17
Q
Decode: Chemistry
A
Chem/I = chemical
18
Q
Decode: Epidermis
A
Epi- = above
- derm = skin
- is = pertaining to
19
Q
Decode: Bronchodilator
A
Bronch/o = bronchial tube -dilator = expand
20
Q
Decode: Lymphadenopathy
A
Lymphaden/o = lymph node
- path = disease
- y = process or condition
21
Q
Decode: Toxoplasmosis
A
Tox/o = poison
- plasm = formation
- osis = abnormal condition
22
Q
Decode: Dermis
A
Derm/o = skin -is = pertaining to
23
Q
Decode: Pharmacokinetics
A
Pharm/a = drug kin/e = movement -ic = pertaining to
24
Q
Pharmacology
A
The study of preparation, properties, uses, and actions of drugs
25
Pharmacodynamics
the study of drug effects on the body
26
Pharmacokinetics
The study of the distribution and removal of drugs in the body over a period of time
27
Toxicology
The study of harmful chemicals and the effects on the body
28
Bactericidal
Kills all bacteria
29
Bacteriostatic
Inhibits bacteria growth
30
Type A blood contains?
A antigen
| anti-B antibody
31
Which blood type contains A and B antigens & no anti-A or anti-B antibodies?
Type AB
32
Type B blood contains?
B antigen
| anti- A antibody
33
This type of blood contains NO A or B antigens & both anti- A and anti- B antibodies
Type O
34
Anisocytosis
-abnormal RBC condition in which cells are UNEQUAL SIZE
35
Hypochromia
-abnormal RBC condition in which cells have REDUCED COLOR (less hemoglobin)
36
Poikilocytosis
-abnormal RBC condition in which cells are IRREGULARLY SHAPED
poikil/o = varied, irregular
37
Spherocytosis
-abnormal RBC condition in which cells are ROUNDED
sphere/o = globe, round
38
bas/o
base
39
chrom/o
color
40
coagul/o
clotting
41
cyt/o
cell
42
eosin/o
red, rosy, dawn
43
erythr/o
red
44
granul/o
granules
45
hem/o
| hemat/o
blood
46
hemoglobin/o
hemoglobin
47
is/o
same, equal
48
kary/o
nucleus
49
leuk/o
white
50
mon/o
one, single
51
morph/o
shape, form
52
myel/o
bone marrow
53
neutr/o
neutral
54
nucle/o
nucleus
55
phag/o
eat, swallow
56
sider/o
iron
57
thromb/o
clot
58
-apheresis
removal, carrying away
59
-blast
immature cell, embryonic
60
-cytosis
abnormal condition of cells
61
-emia
blood condition
62
- globin
| - globulin
protein
63
-lytic
pertaining to destruction
64
-oid
derived from
65
-osis
abnormal condition
66
-penia
deficiency
67
-phage
eat, swallow
68
-philia
attraction for (an increase number in cell numbers)
69
-phoresis
carrying transmission
70
-poiesis
formation
71
-stasis
stop, control
72
What is an anticoagulant substance found in liver cells, blood stream, and tissues?
heparin
73
What are protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot?
fibrin
74
Name the plasma protein that is converted to thrombin in the clotting process?
prothrombin
75
Plasma minus clotting proteins is?
serum
76
What is the process of clotting called?
coagulation
77
Name the enzyme that helps convert fibrinogen to fibrin?
thrombin
78
Decode: Anticoagulant
anti- = before
coagul/o = clotting
-ant = pertaining to
a substance that prevents blood clotting
79
Decode: Hemoglobinopathy
hemoglobin/o = hemoglobin
-pathy = disease
disease of hemoglobin
80
Deode: Cytology
cyt/o = cell
-ology = study of
study of cells
81
Decode: Leukocytopenia
Leuk/o = white
cyt/o = cell
-penia = deficiency
deficiency of WBC
82
Decode: Morphology
morph/o = shape, form
-ology = study of
study of the shape or form of cells
83
Decode: Megakaryocyte
mega- = large
kary/o = nucleus
-cyte = cell
cell with a large nucleus
84
Decode: sideropenia
sider/o = iron
-penia = deficiency
deficiency of iron
85
Decode: phagocyte
phag/o = eat, swallow
-cyte = cell
cells that eats or swallows other cells
86
Decode: myeloblast
myel/o = bone marrow
-blast = immature cell, embryonic
immature bone marrow cell
87
Decode: plateletpheresis
platelet
-pheresis = carrying transmission
separation of platelets from the rest of the blood
88
Decode: monoblast
mon/o = one, single
-blast = immature cell, embryonic
immature monoctye
89
Decode: myelopoiesis
```
myel/o = bone marrow
-poiesis = formation
```
90
Decode: hemostasis
hem/o = blood
-stasis = stop, control
controlling or stopping the flow of blood
91
Decode: thrombolytic
thromb/o = clot
-lytic = pertaining to destructon
pertaining to the destruction of clots
92
Decode: hematopoiesis
hemat/o = blood
-poiesis = formation
formation of blood
93
Liquid portion of blood
plasma
94
What is the orange yellow pigment produced from hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed?
Bilirubin
95
Name the iron containing part of hemoglobin?
Heme
96
What hormone is secreted by kidneys to stimulate bone marrow to produce RBC?
erythropoietin
97
Proteins in plasma that are separated into alpha, beta, and gamma types?
Globulins
98
What is the name of the foreign material that stimulates the production of antibodies?
antigen
99
What plasma protein maintains the proper amount of water in the blood?
albumin
100
Proteins made by lymphocytes in response to antigens in the blood?
antibody
101
What is a thrombocyte that helps blood clot?
platelet
102
Which leukocyte contains dense reddish granules, associated with allergic reactions?
Eosinophils
103
Name the leukocyte responsible for releasing histamines and heparin
Basophil
104
Type of leukocyte that produces anitbodies?
lymphocyte
105
Which cell in bone marrow that gives rise to different types of blood cells?
hematopoietic stem cell
106
This phagocyte is a precursor of a macrophage
monocyte
107
Variation in the size of RBC
anisocytosis
108
A deficiency in the NUMBER of RBC?
erythrocytopenia
109
What pertains to reduction of hemoglobin in RBC?
hypochromic
110
Macrocytosis
increase in numbers of large RBC
111
Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
hematocrit
112
ABMT
autologous bone marrow transplant
| *patient serves as his or her own donor for stem cells
113
diff.
differential count (WBCs)
114
GVHD
graft versus host disease
| *reaction of donor's cells to recipient's tissue
115
EBV
Epstein- Barr virus
116
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
| Test used to follow patients who are using anticoagulants
117
Name the test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes?
antiglobulin (coombs) test
118
This test determines the number of clotting cells per mm3 of blood?
platelet count
119
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
malignant condition of WBCs in which IMMATURE granulocytes predominate
-CHILDREN are affected and onset is SUDDEN
120
Proteins containing antibodies
immunoglobulins
| -IgA, IgE, IgD
121
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
malignant condition of WBCs in which MATURE lymphocytes predominate in lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow
- usually seen in ELDERLY patients
122
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
malignant condition of WBCs in which IMMATURE granulocytes predominate
-normal bone marrow is replaced by myeloblasts (immature bone marrow cells)
123
Chronic myelogneous leukemia (CML)
malignant condition of WBCs in which both MATURE & IMMATURE are present
-a SLOWLY progressive illness
124
Palliative
relieving but not curing
125
Pancytopenia
deficiency of ALL blood cells
126
What is the separation of blood into its parts
apheresis
127
Large blue or purplish patches on the skin?
Ecchymoses
128
What is Bence Jones protein?
Immunoglobulin fragment found in the urine of patients with MULTIPLE MYELOMA
129
Petechaie
tiny purple or flat red spots on the skin as a result of small hemorrhages
130
Iron deficiency anemia
lack of iron
| -leading to insufficient hemoglobin production
131
This type of anemia is characterized by an inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the blood stream resulting in reduced mature erythrocytes?
Pernicious anemia
132
Thalassemia
defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin
| -leading to hypochromia
133
This type of anemia can be described as a lack of development of bone marrow cells CAUSING a lack of ALL types of blood cells
Aplastic anemia
134
Sickle Cell anemia
abnormal shape of erythrocyte caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin
135
This is an abnormal condition of EXCESS number of granulocytes (eosinophils and basophils)
Granulocytosis
136
Excessive deposits of iron in the tissues of the body
Hemochromatosis
137
Hemophilia
excessive bleeding caused by a HEREDITARY lack of factor VIII & IX necessary for clotting
138
This condition presents itself with multiple pinpoint hemorrhages due to a deficiency of platelets
(pt. makes antibodies that destroy their own platelets)
Autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura
139
BMT
bone marrow transplant
140
CA
cancer
141
RT
radiation therapy
| -method of treating cancer using high energy radiation
142
Name the surgical procedure in which you remove the entire tumor and regional lymph nodes?
en bloc resection
143
The assessment of a tumor's EXTENT OF SPREAD within the body is known as
Grading
144
What is the transformation of tissue to a different type of tissue?
Metaplasia
145
Freezing a lesion to kill tumor cells
cryosurgery
146
What surgical procedure uses a high frequency current to destroy tissue?
fulguration
147
Burning a lesion to destroy tumor cells
cauterization
148
What surgical procedure is cutting into a tumor and removing a piece to establish a diagnosis?
incisional biospy
149
The formation of new blood vessels?
angiogensis
150
What surgical procedure involves removal of a tumor and a margin of normal tissue for diagnosis and possible cure of small tumors?
excisional biospy
151
If a tumor requires large does of radiation to kill cells it is
a radioRESISTIVE tumor
152
The assessment of a tumor's degree or maturity
staging
153
The use of two or more drugs to kill tumor cells
combination chemotherapy
154
Implantation of seeds of radioactive material directly into a tumor is
brachy therapy
155
What does TNM staging system stand for?
```
T = size of TUMOR
N = lymph NODES involved
M = presence of METASTASIS to classify stage of cancer
```
156
A change in genetic material
mutation
157
Anaplasia
loss of differentiation of cells and revision to a more primitive type of cell
158
Metatasis
when a malignant tumor spreads to a secondary site
159
Which tumor develops from a dyplastic nevus?
Melanoma (a nevus is a benign pigmented lesion or mole)
160
Which tumor arises from an organ located in the mediastinum?
thymoma
161
Which tumor arise from an organ in the RUQ of the abdomen?
hepatoma
| -liver tumor
162
What tumor has types called astrocytoma, ependymoma, and glioblastoma multiforme?
glioma
| -brain tumor
163
Hypernephroma
kidney tumor
| -Known as a renal carcinoma
164
Mutliple myeloma
A malignant tumor of plasma cells in bone marrow
| -typically affects the elderly, also affects pts. with AIDS
165
Which tumor arises from membrane cells surrounding the lungs?
mesothelioma
166
Which tumor has a type known as Hodgkin disease?
lymphoma
167
A region of genetic material found in tumor cells and in viruses that cause cancer
Oncogene
168
Mitosis
replication of cells, two identical cells are produced from a parent cell
169
An abnormal formation of cells
dysplastic
170
This type of tumor growth looks like a mushrooming pattern as tumor cells pile on top of eachother
fungating
171
This describes tumors that grow from large, open spaces filled with fluid
*serous and mucinous tumors are examples of this
Cystic
172
When tumors are large, soft, and fleshy its called
Medullary
173
When a tumor appears to have wart like growths its called
verrucous
174
When a tumor has growths that are projections from a base they are called
polypoid
175
The method of giving radiation in small, repeated doses
fractionation
176
Chemotherapy
treatment of cancerous tumors with drugs
177
Alkylating agents, antimetabolites, hormones, anitbiotics, antimitotics are all types of __________ agents
chemotherapeutic
178
The technique in which a single large dose of radiation is delivered under 3D guidance to destroy vascular abnormalities and small brain tumors
stereotactic radiosurgery
179
alveol/o
small sac
180
cac/o
bad
181
carcin/o
cancer, cancerous
182
cauter/o
burn, heat
183
chem/o
chemical, drug
184
cry/o
cold
185
cyst/o
sac of fluid
186
fibr/o
fibers
187
follicul/o
small glandular sacs
188
fung/i
fungus, mushroom
189
medull/o
soft, inner part
190
mucos/o
mucous membrane
191
mut/a
genetic change
192
mutagen/o
causing genetic change
193
papill/o
nipple like
194
onc/o
tumor
195
pharmac/o
drug
196
plas/o
formation
197
ple/o
many more
198
polyp/o
polyp
199
radi/o
rays, x-rays
200
sarc/o
flesh, connective tissue
201
scirrh/o
hard
202
xer/o
dry
203
-blastoma
immature tumor
204
-genesis
formation
205
-oma
mass, tumor
206
- plasia
| - plasm
formation, growth
207
-suppression
to stop
208
-therapy
treatment
209
ana-
backward
210
apo-
off, away
211
brachy-
short distance
212
epi-
upon
213
meta-
beyond, change
214
prot/o
first
215
tele-
far
216
Proton therapy
Technique in which subatomic particles are produced by cyclotron deposit a focused dose at a finite point
217
immune/o
protection
218
lymph/o
lymph
219
lymphaden/o
lymph node
220
splen/o
spleen
221
thym/o
thymus gland
222
tox/o
poison
223
ana-
again, new
224
inter-
between
225
What parts of the body are commonly affected by the AIDS virus?
Brain and spinal cord
226
Which CNS condition often is seen in AIDS patients?
Inflammation of the brain and membranes around the brain
227
Aside from delirium, what other psychiatric complications have been reported with AIDS patients?
loss of intellectual abilities
228
ELISA
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
| -test to detect anti-HIV antibodies
229
What enzyme helps HIV infect new cells
protease
230
CD4+ T cell counts can be increase by
protease inhibitors
231
Metastatic carcinoma means
the tumor has spread to a secondary location
232
Type of lymphoma that affects young adults
Hodgkin disease
233
What condition may indicate an AIDS virus infection?
fungal infection of the mouth
234
What is the large lymph vessel that drains lymph from the right upper part of the body?
right lymphatic duct
235
What is the organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells?
spleen
236
Adenoids
mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
237
Where are inguinal nodes located?
groin area
238
What is an immune response in which B cells transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies?
humoral immunity
239
T cells
are lymphocytes that act on anitgens
| formed in the thymus
240
Where are axillary nodes located?
armpit
241
What is an immune response in which T cells destroy antigens?
cell-mediated immunity
242
What cell originates from a B lymphocyte and secretes antibodies?
plasma cell
243
Name the large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body?
macrophage
244
Where are cervical nodes located?
neck
245
A cell that specialized in antigen presentation and destruction of antigens by T cells
dendrite cell
246
What are lymph nodes located between the space of the lungs called?
mediastinal nodes
247
What is a splenectomy?
removal of the spleen
248
What do Helper T cells do?
- aid B cells in recognizing antigens
| - also called T4 or CD4+ cell
249
Inflammation of lymph glands
lymphadenitis
250
Toxins are
poisons
251
T cell that inhibits the activity of B lymphocytes?
suppressor T cell
252
Lymphocytes that directly kill foreign cells are?
cytotoxic T cells
253
What is enlargement of the spleen called?
splenomegaly
254
Lymphopoiesis means
formation of lymph
255
What is a deficiency of lymph cells?
lymphocytopenia
256
A tumor in the thymus is called
thymoma
257
Anaphylaxis
- an extraordinary hypersensitivity to a foreign protein
| - marked by hypotension, shock, and respiratory distress
258
Allergen
An antigen capable of causing an allergy
259
What is the name for the swelling of tissues due to interstitial fluid accumulation?
lymphedema
260
Removal of a mediastinal organ
thymectomy
261
What is the malignant tumor of lymph nodes and spleen marked by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cell?
Hodgkin disease
262
A malignant condition associated with AIDS in which bluish red skin nodules appear
Kaposi sarcoma
263
What test measure the amount of HIV in blood?
viral load test
264
Opportunistic infections
```
are a group of infectious diseases associated with AIDS
-CMV
-Herpes simplex
-Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
-Tuberculosis
just to name a few
```
265
What test detects anti-HIV antibodies?
ELISA
266
How does a protease inhibitor work?
Used to treat AIDS, it blocks the production of proteolytic enzyme
267
Wasting syndrome
weight loss with decreased muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity
268
HAART
highly active antiretroviral therapy
| -uses combinations of drugs to treat AIDS
269
RT (reverse transcriptase)
after invading helper T cells, HIV releases RT to help grow and multiply inside the cell
270
RT inhibitor
blocks RT, essentially blocking the growth of HIV
271
Atopy
a hypersensitive or allergic state with an inherited predisposition
272
Name the test that separates immunoglobulins?
immunoelectrophoresis
273
What type of diseases are chronic, disabling diseases caused by abnormal production of antibodies to normal tissue?
Autoimmune diseases
274
Interstitial fluid
Lies between cells throughout the body
275
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- a group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue
| - ex: follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma
276
What is the test for human chorionic gonadotropin hormone?
beta-HCG test
| *a marker for testicular cancer
277
Stem cell transplant
blood forming cells are infused intravenously
278
Name the blood test for carcinoembryonic antigen?
CEA test
279
Name the protein marker detected in the blood of ovarian cancer patients?
CA-125
280
What does an estrogen receptor assay test for?
the presence of hormone receptors on breast cancer cells
281
What does a PSA test look for?
the antigen related to prostate cancer
282
Exfoliative cytology
cells are scraped off tissue and microscopically examined
283
The process of visually examining the abdominal cavity?
laparoscopy
284
aer/o
air
285
alges/o
sensitivity to pain
286
bronch/o
bronchial tube
287
cras/o
mixture
288
cutane/o
skin
289
erg/o
work
290
ethes/o
feeling, sensation
291
hist/o
tissue
292
hypn/o
sleep
293
iatr/o
treatment
294
lingu/o
tongue
295
myc/o
mold fungus
296
narc/o
stupor
297
or/o
mouth
298
prurit/o
itching
299
pyret/o
fever
300
thec/o
sheath of brain and spinal cord
301
vas/o
vessel
302
ven/o
vein
303
vit/o
life
304
ana-
upward, excessive, again
305
anti-
before
306
contra-
against, opposite
307
par-
other than, apart from
308
syn-
together, with
309
ACE
angiotensin-converting enzyme
310
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
311
IM
intramuscular
312
IV
intravenous
313
FDA
food and drug administration
314
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
| ex: advil
315
PDR
physicians' desk reference
316
SERM
selective estrogen receptor modulator
| ex: Evista- used to treat osteoporosis
317
SL
sublingual
318
SSRI
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
| *antidepressant
319
Antiseptic
an agent that works against INFECTION
320
Antipruritic
an agent that works against ITCHING
321
Aerosol
a solution of particles in air
322
Intracavitary
with in a cavity
323
Intrathecal
with in a sheath
324
Name the reference book listing drug products?
Physicians' desk reference
325
Synergisms
combination of two drugs is greater than the total effects of each drug by itself
326
An unexpected effect that may appear in a patient following administration of a drug
Idiosyncrasy
327
What type of drug is given to patients with Epilepsy?
anticonvulsant
| ex: Tegretol and phenytoin
328
Anaphylactic shock is treated with?
an antihistamine drug
329
For epigastric discomfort you would take?
antacid
330
What do progestins treat?
abnormal uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance
331
ACE inhibitor works to treat
congestive heart failure and hypertension
| ex: Vasotec and Zestril
332
Asthma is treated with
a bronchodilator
333
Myalgia and neuralgia can be treated with
an analgesic
334
An anticoagulant is used to treat
a thrombosis and embolism
| ex: heparin
335
Give two examples of antibiotic medications?
- penicillin
| - erythromycin
336
A factor in a patient's condition that prevents the use of a particular drug is ___________.
contraindication
337
What type of drug would you used to lower BP and reduce the amount of fluid in the blood?
diuretic
| ex: Lasix and Aldactone
338
Type A blood can receive?
Type A & O blood
339
Type O blood can receive?
Only type O blood
340
Type B blood can receive
Type B & O blood
341
Type AB blood can receive
Type A, B, AB, O blood
