Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What is Quintilian’s Theory of an orator?
A
“The good man speaking well”
2
Q
What is considered the EDUCATION of the orator?
A
Character and training
3
Q
What is Quintilian’s technical vocabulary?
A
Imitation
Progymnasmata
4
Q
What is Progymnasmata?
A
Training in specific practices of language use.
5
Q
Study of the _____, _____, and ______ of Rhetoric?
A
Art
Artist
Work
6
Q
Rhetoric is the “_____ ____” in education according to Quintilian.
A
Next Step
7
Q
What kind of teacher is required for Rhetoric?
A
Morality “first and foremost”
“A parent toward his pupils”
discipline through patience, judgment, approval and condemnation – ex. No “applause”
Teach to speak and act
8
Q
Teaching requires ______ of a student and his abilities.
A
Judgment
9
Q
Quintilian introduced the use of?
A
Narration
10
Q
In order to have a good narration, Quintilian believed one should have these three requirements.
A
Practice
Refutation
Confirmation
11
Q
What are “Common Places”?
A
The virtues/vices of unnamed individuals.
12
Q
What is a comparison of things?
A
Thesis/Antithesis
13
Q
Teachers can instruct students through ______ examples and speeches.
A
Historical
14
Q
Both composition and _____ of works.
A
Style
15
Q
Students should aim to be between ______ and ______ style
A
Ancient
Modern
16
Q
Teachers “accommodate” ______ ______
A
Natural Abilities
17
Q
According to Quintilian, Natural Skill is _________
A
Not enough
18
Q
Rhetorical Instruction teaches the ______ _______ ideas and arranged speech
A
Connection between
19
Q
True or False
Quintilian is for overly vigorous or overly memorized speech.
A
False
20
Q
Quintilian believes Speaking must be ______ ______.
A
Beyond Rules
21
Q
The orator, in all his pleadings, should keep two things in view, what is _______, and what is ______.
A
Becoming
Expedient
22
Q
What are Quintilian’s Key Elements of Speech?
A
The “case at hand”
The “time”
The “occasion”
“Necessity” – can we change the situation?
23
Q
How does Quintilian divides Rhetoric into three parts?
A
Art
Artist
Work
24
Q
How Quintilian define the “art” of rhetoric?
A
Attained by study, “how to speak well.”
25
Who does Quintilian define the "artist" of rhetoric?
The Orator, "whose business it is to speak well."
26
How does Quintilian define the "work" of rhetoric?
What is “achieved by” the artist, “good speaking.”
27
What is the difference in perspective between Quintilian and Aristotle?
Aristotle detaches himself from the event while Quintilian believes a speech must be "just" or "good"
28
How does Quintilian define "The Good Man Speaking well."s
Both effectively and virtuously.
29
Quintilian ______ the criticism of oratory by ______ it.
Sidesteps
| Redefining
30
Oratory is an ________, not a _______
art (scientia)
| simple practice
31
What is telos?
End
32
Oratory is not just "to ______"
Persuade
33
Oratory requires...
Education
| Method
34
The orator's "art.... consists in his _____, not... in the result."
Act
35
The ______ of Education makes it _______
Process
| Positive
36
Perfect _____ requires virtue and knowledge.
Oratory
37
Speakers should speak only on topics they _____
Know
38
Rhetoric is _______: "Everything that may come before an orator for discussion."
Universal
39
Writing is...
The Teacher of Eloquence
40
How does Quintilian explain Morality?
Audiences don't believe immoral speakers.
41
Who is The Perfect Orator?
A calmer of the populace.
42
A moral speaker does not...
Argue against his own beliefs.
43
Quintilian believes an orator must study _____ above all things?
Morality
44
What does Boethius define as general questions?
Theses
45
Rhetoric becomes a _______ by dialectic, to specific cases.
Means of applying general rules, established
46
Rhetoric takes a _______ and ______ place in the Medieval university curriculum.
Preliminary
| Subordinate
47
What does Boethius define a Genus?
A Faculty
48
What does Boethius define a Species?
Judicial, Demonstrative, Deliberative
49
How does Boethius define Parts?
Parts: General Principles or Specific Application of Principles
50
We shall treat the _____ of the art, its _____, its ____, its tools, and the parts of the tools, the duty of its practitioners, and its goals.
Genus
Species
Parts
51
Boethius has the same parts of rhetoric as this handless Roman.
Cicero
| Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, Delivery
52
How does Boethius contrast Rhetoric vs. Dialectic?
Rhetoric deals with everyone while Dialectic is developed for more learned thinkers, not public concern.
53
Booths believes Rhetoric deals with...
Civil Hypotheses
54
Dialectic is developed through _______ and _______
Questions
| Answers
55
Rhetoric needs both an __________, while dialectic has for a judge the same person who acts as adversary.
Adversary and a Judge
56
What are Boethius's Parts of Oration?
```
Introduction/Exordium
Argument
Partition
Proof
Refutation
Peroration
```
57
It is the duty of the faculty of rhetoric to _____ and to _____.
Teach
| Move
58
What does Boethius believe the Goals of Orator should be?
He must say he has “spoken in a way calculated to persuade; and in his audience… he must have truly persuaded them.”
59
What are Constitutiones?
Issues
60
No constitutio can be called a “part of the case” in which it figures, because it is ________”
the subject of the dispute…
61
We can design different _______ speeches around different subjects of _____
Rhetorical
| Dispute
62
How does Rhetoric diminish?
Rhetoric does not deal with general questions
All general questions become questions of philosophy
Dialectic becomes separated from—perhaps opposite of—rhetoric
63
What's Rhetoric's vast scope during the Renaissance period?
Religion
Law and Politics
History and Culture
Humanism
64
How are Law and Politics defined in the Renaissance Era?
Authority uncertain between religion and secular government.
65
How is History and Culture defined during the Renaissance Era?
Literature
Public Life
Private Power
66
What is Renaissance Era humanism?
The capacity “to know and change the world”
67
Renaissance relies on ____ to make sense out of _____ ______ in increasingly ______ _______ ______.
Style
Public Participation
Complex Social Life
68
What is the differentiation of Education during the renaissance period?
Should it bemused for PURE REASON or PUBLIC LIFE.
69
During the Renaissance Era, they compared Dialectic to _____ vs. Rhetoric to ______
Logic
| Humanism
70
Humanists Oppose ______
Scholasticism
71
What is Scholasticism?
The knowledge of external reality.
72
Who is associated with Italian Humanism?
Petrarch
73
Who is Associated with Northern European Humanism?
Peter Ramus
74
What is Roman humanitas?
Cultivated Learning
| Such as History, Philosophy, and Individuality
75
Education should “______ literary art, moral philosophy, and civic responsibility in his _________ ____ ______.”
Combine
| Writing and Oratory
76
Italien Humanism opposed?
Logic/Rationality
77
Italian Humanism tried to _______ Christian and secular thinking, writing, and acting in society.
Synthesize
78
Italian humanist could see rhetoric and philosophy as _____
United
79
Italian Humanists began to understand meaning itself as ______________.
Historically Established
80
To be actively _____, the responsible citizen must express philosophical insights in _______.
Useful
| Language that is convincing in contemporary circumstances.
81
Italian humanists emphasize _____ ______ in all intellectual and political action.
Personal Performance
82
Develop personal talents amid _______.
Constraints of given historical circumstances.
83
What was Humanism in Northern Europe's search for?
A "Universal Method"
84
What is the best way to arrive at a _______?
moral/practical truth
85
Humanism in Northern Europe do what between dialectic and rhetoric?
Further Separate
86
Northern European Humanism downplays what?
Emphasis on emotion, delivery and style—universal study of probable arguments in any realm.
87
Search for a Usable Educational Method, __________.
but “reduces rhetoric to a teachable method”
88
Peter Ramus rejects the?
Cumbersome earlier forms of thought.
89
_______ ______ the responsiblities of philosophy and rhetoric
Radically Redistributing
90
Peter Ramus believes rhetoric becomes?
Mere style
91
Through his _______ of language, the man of wisdom _______ and ________.
Versatile Use
Influences History
Guides Political Affairs
92
Political Rhetoric increasingly became ________ or government functionary.
The province of the courtier
93
Traditional Ciceronians tended to _______ and to treat rhetoric as a more courtly accomplishment..."
Emphasize Style
94
______ ______and pluralization of ______ _____.
Social Mobility
| Compositional Forms
95
Racists consider Rhetoric as
Poetry, not statecraft.
96
Racists broke Rhetoric down to two parts:
Elocution and Pronunciation
97
Ramism and the Rise of Scientific Inquiry caused?
Reason… could free itself from all learned cultural dispositions and replace received wisdom with newly discovered universals or absolutes.
98
Ramism separates rhetoric from logic.
Shifts study to science and search for “external realities” rather than rhetorical invention and “mental interpretation.
99
Arnold said, "True Knowledge is?
A knowledge of things, not words.
100
Francis Bacon believed _____ generates knowledge.
Science
101
Modern style?
Increasing repression of Style.
102
What is the Conclusion of Modern Style?
Those who would defend rhetoric would have to do so first on the grounds of [its] style…
103
What is Sprezzatura?
Studied nonchalance
104
What does Castiglione define Concealment?
We may call that art true art which does not seem to be an art; nor must one be more careful of anything than of concealing it, because if it is discovered, this robs a man of all credit and causes him to be held in slight esteem.
105
Castiglione found style and knowledge from?
Writing, Affectation, Grace
106
Castiglione believes writing is
Simply a form of speaking which endures even after it is uttered—the image, as it were, or better, the soul of our words.
107
Who is the Courtier?
Skilled in writing and speaking.
108
Courtier increased Vernacular language, not _______
"Corrupted" Latin
109
The Courtier relies on?
A certain natural judgment and not by any art of rule.
110
When a Courtier is in the Public Space they must be?
Cautious and reserved rather than forward.
111
The public is a space of ________ rather than of _______.
Appearance
| Truth
112
Ramus developed the?
New Intellectual Method
