Exam 2

Question 1

Phylum Brachiopoda geologic range

Answer 1

Cambrian to Recent

Question 2

Class Inarticulata geologic range

Answer 2

Cambrian to Recent

Question 3

Class Articulata geologic range

Answer 3

Cambrian to Recent

Question 4

Order Orthida Geologic Range

Answer 4

Cambrian to Permian

Question 5

Order Pentamerida geologic range

Answer 5

Cambrian to Devonian

Question 6

Order Strophomenida geologic range

Answer 6

Ordovician to Jurassic

Question 7

Order Spiriferida geologic range

Answer 7

Ordovician to Jurassic

Question 8

Order Rhynchonellida geologic range

Answer 8

Ordovician to Recent

Question 9

Order Terebratulida geologic range

Answer 9

Devonian to Recent

Question 10

Name the terms concerning the hard parts of a brachiopod

Answer 10

calcite shell, biconvex, strophic, nonstrophic, brachial valve, pedicle valve, teeth and sockets, delthyrium, notothyrium, fold and sulcus, pedicle foramen (opening), commissure, cardinal process, umbo, median septa, hinge line, interarea, punctate or impunctate, ornamentation (growth lines, ribs, costellae)

Question 11

What are the Lingula?

Answer 11

from the Class Inarticulata, simple shells, have no teeth and sockets, chitinophosphatic, burrowed in sediment

Question 12

Habits and niches of brachiopods

Answer 12

sessile (attached to a substrate), filter feeders,

Question 13

Terms for the inside or soft parts of a brachiopod

Answer 13

lophophore, brachidium, adductor and diductor muscles, pedicle, mantle, periostracum, adjustor valve, body wall, mantle cavity, nephridium

Question 14

brachidium

Answer 14

calcareous support of the lophophore

Question 15

lophophore

Answer 15

feather-like or circular structure bearing tentacles for filter feeding, found in both bryozoans and brachiopods

Question 16

delthyrium

Answer 16

opening in pedicle valve of brachiopod adjacent to hinge line, allowing exit of pedicle

Question 17

notothyrium

Answer 17

opening in the brachial valve adjacent to and outside the hinge line, forming part of the opening for the pedicle

Question 18

cardinal process

Answer 18

A knob at the mid-line of brachial valve interior to which the diductor muscles attach

Question 19

deltidal plate

Answer 19

plates on either side of the pedicle opening (delthyrium) in the pedicle valve. They constrict the opening or even close it off completely

Question 20

Phylum Mollusca geologic range

Answer 20

Cambrian to recent

Question 21

Class Polyplacophora range

Answer 21

Upper Cambrian to recent

Question 22

Class Scaphopoda range

Answer 22

Ordovician to recent

Question 23

Class Gastropoda range

Answer 23

Upper Cambrian to recent

Question 24

Class Bivalvia range

Answer 24

Cambrian to recent

Question 25

Class Rostroconchia range

Answer 25

Lower Cambrian to recent

Question 26

Class Cephalopoda range

Answer 26

Upper Cambrian to recent

Question 27

Subclass Nautiloidea range

Answer 27

Upper Cambrian to recent

Question 28

Subclass Ammonoidea range

Answer 28

Devonian to Cretaceous

Question 29

Subclass Coleoida range

Answer 29

Carboniferous to recent

Question 30

Suture line patterns

Answer 30

Goniatitic, ceratitic and ammonitic

Question 31

Phylum Bryozoa range

Answer 31

Ordovician to recent

Question 32

Important mollusca features

Answer 32

bilateral symmetry, coelomate, visceral mass, ventral foot (or tentacles in cephalopods), shell of calcium carbonate, head (except bivalves) with radula (ribbon with teeth) and mantle

Question 33

bivalve features

Answer 33

two siphons, most burrow, complete digestive system, only have adductor muscles, pallial line, palatial sinus (burrowing only), dentition

Question 34

cone-like bivalves

Answer 34

Cretaceous rudistids: Gryphaea and Exogyra

Question 35

Ways to determine the anterior of a bivalve

Answer 35

1. ligamental nymphs - when present, are posterior to beaks 2. pallial sinus is always posterior 3. If only one adductor muscle scar, it is posterior. If two but one is significantly larger, it is posterior. 4. If beaks lie near one end of shell, the shorter end is usually anterior. 5. If one end tapers to a narrow rostrum, it is posterior.

Question 36

gastropod features

Answer 36

coiled shell, aperture, whorls, inner lip and outer lip of aperture, suture, visceral foot, siphons, siphonal canal, whorl shelf

Question 37

cephalopod features

Answer 37

totally marine, fastest and most complex of the mollusca, tentacles, eyes

Question 38

nautiloid features

Answer 38

aragonite shell,