exam 2 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Thorndike concluded that the cat’s treadle stepping behavior increased with each escape from the puzzle box because…
the behavior had been “stamped in”
According to one-process theory of avoidance, the avoidance response is reinforced by…
reduction in number of aversive events
Which schedule of reinforcement would keep a dog responding to commands if dog biscuits were about to run out?
Intermittent reinforcement
The explanation of PRE that refutes its very existence is the _
frustration hypothesis
The level of deprivation is less important when the reinforcer used is a/an _
secondary reinforcer
Clark Hull’s explanation of reinforcement assumes that reinforcers…
reduce drives
Advocates of _ believe the reinforcement properties of an event depend on access to high probability behavior
relative value theory
A graph of response rates under different schedules would be characterized by a straight line for _ schedules and scalloped lines for _ schedules
variable interval; fixed interval
According to _ theory, school children are eager to go out at recess because they haven’t done so for hours.
response deprivation
Sometimes a schedule of extinction results in _
resurgence
If one believes vacations are best because they can get away from stress, their vacation-taking behavior is influenced by
negative reinforcement
After a relationship is learned a researcher only offers reinforcers at a greater and greater number of responses. This procedure is called _
stretching the ratio
A DRL interval would be most useful in which scenario
Teaching someone not to do an unwanted behavior (stop fingernail biting)
The operant schedule that is not an intermittent/partial schedule is
Fixed Ratio 1 (FR1)
Thorndike’s law of effect explains a tarantula’s increase in jumping behavior before successful escapes by saying
the behavior resulted in escape and was “stamped in”
In order to determine if one response will reinforce another, which would Premack suggest you need to know?
The probabilities of each response
A bad behavior reappears when the reinforcement for good behavior is suddenly removed. What should be done from an operant conditioning perspective?
Good behavior should be reinforced on an intermittent basis
The experience of the PRE that puts greatest emphasis on internal cues is the _ hypothesis
frustration
Punishing a child after she admits to accidentally breaking a cookie jar will likely learn what?
It doesn’t pay to tell the truth
According to the two factor theory of negative reinforcement, behavior can be accounted for by…
both classical and operant conditioning
Wolfgang Kohler suggested that chimps…
use insight to come up with novel solutions to problems
Robert Rescorla believes that the feature of the conditioned stimulus that most facilitates classical conditioning is its _
salience
What’s the plot of Walden Two?
A utopian society where the principles of reinforcement allow people to lead happy, fulfilling lives
What are the steps to systematic desensitization?
Develop fear hierarchy
Learn relaxation techniques
Ascend hierarchy whilst relaxing
