Exam 2

Question 1

Empire Zinc Strike

Answer 1

Oct 17 1950-52
Unequal pay, jab safety & discrimination
They didn’t have any running water
The women were at the picket line . They held fasts, support from ANMA

Question 2

Salt of the Earth

Answer 2

1954 American drama film. Blacklisted by the Hollywood establishment due to their alleged involvement in communist politics. Banned red baited movie. Its plot centers on a long and difficult strike, based on the 1951 strike against the Empire Zinc Company in Grant County, New Mexico

Question 3

Homenaje a Tenochtitlan

Answer 3

A tribute to Tenochtitlan. During the day of the dead.

Question 4

CSO

Answer 4

Community service organization
Launched by ignacio lopez and Fred Ross
Goals:fighting housing discrimination , po. Brutality & school segreg. Provided free legal services to anyone whose human rights were violated by immig. Policies.
1st goals =enc. Mexican Americans to run for political office & city officials
Conducted 35 invest. Of police misconduct. (47-56) roots = east LA
CSO leaders= middle class
Struggled for the defense of foreign born ppl.
First called community political org.
Reg. 12,000 new voters . helped roybal to la city council, 1949 first mexican since 1881

Question 5

“Operation Wetback”

Answer 5

1954
General Joseph m. Swing
-Military style campaign to kick Mexicans out
-Requested millions of dollars to build 150 mi. -Long fence & set deportation quota for each target area.
–> deported more than 1 mil. Mexicans annually

Question 6

“La Conciencia de la Mestiza”

Answer 6

Written by Gloria Anzaldua

Maiz, “We are the comal sizzling hot,the hot tortilla, the hungry mouth.”

Question 7

“Yo Soy Joaquin”

Answer 7

A poem by Rodolfo “Corky” Gonzales, 1967.

“..or whatever i call myself. I look the same. i feel the same. i cry and sing the same.”

Question 8

Sleepy Lagoon Trial

Answer 8

1942-3 Jose Diaz found dead in 1942
Lt. Ayers have overtly racist testimony
12 convicted of murder
22 trailed for murder
Sleepy lagoon defense responds to verdict
Appeared at trial with dirty hair & unclean clothes
Young women held until 21

Question 9

Zoot Suit Riots

Answer 9

• 1943
• East LA
• marines started the riots and attacked the youngsters
• young pachucos were unfairly attacked
• the event was overlooked by the government

Question 10

Pachucos/as

Answer 10

Mexican youngsters gangstas

zoot suit

Question 11

Larry Itliong

Answer 11

Leader of the Filipino movement worked with Chavez
collaborated with the cause of chavez
initially they struck for better wages, then demanded for contracts

Question 12

Robert Kennedy

Answer 12

US Senator worked as an ally to workers during the national 1965 Grape Strike and Boycott.

Question 13

NFWA (Delano) Grape Strike and Boycott

Answer 13

1st founding org.
National Farm Workers Association
Founded by chavez and Huerta
Boycott= best effective Strategy

Question 14

UFW

Answer 14

United Farm Workers’ Union

Question 15

Cesar Chávez

Answer 15

Labor leaders helped to found the UFWOC (1965). Along side Dolores Huerta.
NFW founder
Migrant worker as child
Fred Ross was his mentor
became the best known Latino American civil rights activist, and was strongly promoted by the American labor movement, which was eager to enroll Hispanic members

Question 16

Dolores Huerta

Answer 16

Born in mining town New Mexico 1930.
Father = miner mom=beet worker
CSO organizer ..met Chavez thru cso
Teacher realized prob didn’t begin in school, but in the fields.

Question 17

El Congreso de Pueblos de Habla Española

Answer 17

An organization was founded in 1938; it insisted on rights for all Latinas/os regardless of their citizenship status.
first national Latino civil rights assembly

Question 18

League of United Latin American Citizens

Answer 18

Rep. The upward mobile sect. Of the Mexican am. People & fought to integrate its people into the american social and economic mainstream

• community service not activism
• politics of the middle class

Question 19

Accommodationist

Answer 19

a person who seeks compromise with an opposing point of view, typically a political one.

Question 20

Primary Labor Sectors

Answer 20

Natural resources(eg. agriculture). The primary sector is usually most important in less developed countries, and typically less important in industrial countries.

Question 21

Secondary Labor Sectors

Answer 21

includes those economic sectors that create a finished, usable product: production and construction.

Question 22

Luisa Moreno

Answer 22

She and tenayuca worked together
UCAPAWA rep.
Sleepy lagoon def commit.

Question 23

Asociación Nacional México Americana

Answer 23

Labor and civil rights
Supported strikers in zinc empire strike 
- farmer rights
-bracerco rights
-ally to black civil rights activism 
- anti- imperialism
Red baited by fed gov.

Question 24

Chicano Ethos

Answer 24

Chicano Collective concerns
Values/goals- equality and justice
Late 60’s

Question 25

MEChA

Answer 25

``` (Moviemiento Estudiente CHicano Aztlan) Reclaiming pride in community After Santa Barbara conf. Focus on educ. Claim ethos after change name to MEChA - the univ. To serve the community ```

Question 26

Brown Berets

Answer 26

``` 1967 The brown guardians of the barrio Self defense for our ppl. Wanted to fight against police brutality 13 chapters Black panther ally & state of mind Mentored by john Luce 1968 . support of LA strike Leaders arrested w/sal castro Supported hs students "blowout" Started a breakfast program for students ```

Question 27

Blow Outs

Answer 27

1968-69 9000-10,000 hs students walked out Corky gonzalez supported them Brown berets support.led by David Sanchez ( arrested) Goal: put end to discrimination & other injustices High push out rates school system = more than 50%

Question 28

El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán

Answer 28

Adopted by Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzalez | Called for Economic Self Determination,Community Control of Schools, and Self Defense

Question 29

National Chicano Youth Liberation Conference

Answer 29

``` March 1969 Goals: nationalism & self determination Adopted "chicano" vs hispanic Called by corky Gonzalez & crusades for justice Drafted el plan espiritual de aztlan. 1969 1)unity 2) econ self def. 3)educ. 4) institution 5) self def. 6) culture 7) political liberation ```

Question 30

Corky Gonzales

Answer 30

Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzalez Born 1928 Denver CO Boxer than became active in the democrat party "war on poverty" Fired for his involve. W/ the walkouts Newspaper: el gallo. La voz de la justicia Founder of crusade for justice 1969 first annual Chicano youth conference at Denver - adopted el plan espiritual de aztlan Chicano= resistance

Question 31

National Chicano Moratorium on Viet Nam

Answer 31

``` Aug. 29 1970 30,000 ppl -1200 police brutality Killed 15 yr old boy Committee Formed by the brown berets Unfair respect ```

Question 32

Ruben Salazar

Answer 32

-Journalist -Ruben exposed the inconsistencies in police reports . Hit in head by tear gas missile. . 2 hrs later body disc. Dead in bar

Question 33

Aztlán

Answer 33

Name of original homeland The southwest Belongs to those who sow the land

Question 34

Crusade for Justice

Answer 34

(1966) Founded by Rodolfo "corky" Gonzalez Former heavyweight champ. Went into work for democrat. Party 1957 & war on poverty 1965 Cult. Center

Question 35

Reis López Tijerina

Answer 35

Born 1926 in texas Became a preacher & moved to NM witnessed the poverty of the ppl . Called " the tiger " 1963 founded La alianza federal de mercedes , invoking the treaty of guadalupe Believed that national forest in tierra amarilla belonged to the pueblo de San Joaquin Symbol for convicted of political crimes rather than crimes against society

Question 36

Alianza Federal de Mercedes

Answer 36

In 1963 Reis Lopez Tijerina founded La alianza federal de mercedes , invoking the treaty of guadalupe Believed that national forest in tierra amarilla belonged to the pueblo de San Joaquin

Question 37

Teatro Campesino

Answer 37

Founded by Luis Valdez Founded in 1965 on the Delano Grape Strike picket lines of Cesar Chavez’s United Farm Workers Union, the company created and performed “actos” or short skits on flatbed trucks and in union halls.

Question 38

Las Hermanas

Answer 38

Founded in 1970 in Houston by Gloria Gallardo, Gregoria Ortega ..NUNS Goals: raise awareness of the needs of the community & to work for social change Influ. By liberation theology & Vatican reform Committed to empowering ppl Worked closely with UFW. More concerned with service to the poor rather than racism

Question 39

Day of the Dead

Answer 39

A Mexican holiday observed throughout Mexico and around the world in other cultures. The holiday focuses on gatherings of family and friends to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died

Question 40

Cinco de Mayo

Answer 40

A celebration held on May 5. It is celebrated in the United States and in Mexico, primarily in the state of Puebla, where the holiday is called El Día de la Batalla de Puebla (English: The Day of the Battle of Puebla).Chicanos also often see the day as a source of pride, one way they can honor their ethnicity is to celebrate this day