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Forensic Science > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

what is blood pattern evidence used for?

A
  • corroborate statements
  • apprehend suspects
  • interrogate suspects
  • reconstruction of scene
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2
Q

strengths/weaknesses of blood pattern evidence

A

only as valid as information available/examiners abilities

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3
Q

history of bloodstain analysis

A 
1895 - Piotrowski
1939 - Balthazard
1955 - Kirk
1971 - MacDonell
2002 - SWGSTAIN
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4
Q

healthy adults contain how much blood?

A

4.5-6.0 liters

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5
Q

spattered blood

A

distribution of bloodstains created when enough force is exerted to overcome surface tension of blood

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6
Q

factors that help to determining mechanism

A
  • quantity
  • force
  • texture
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7
Q

impact spatter patterns (gunshot)

A
  • mist-like

- 1 to 3 mm

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8
Q

satellite spatter patterns

A

smaller drops of blood that have detached from the initial blood drop
-0.1 to 2.0 mm

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9
Q

castoff bloodstain patterns

A

created by subsequent blows to the same area where a wound has occurred and blood has accumulated

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10
Q

expirated bloodstain patterns

A

expelled blood from the nose/mouth

  • vacuoles=air bubbles
  • diluted from spit/snot
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11
Q

transfer bloodstain patterns

A

when a object we with blood contacts a secondary surface

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12
Q

skeletonized

A

center of a dried bloodstain flakes away and leaves a visible outer rim

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13
Q

clotting

A

happens when blood is exposed to a foreign surface

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14
Q

void areas

A

absences of bloodstains

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15
Q

documentation of bloodstains

A
  • more than one medium
  • measure w/in photos
  • size, shape, distribution & pattern
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16
Q

IABPA

A

established in 1983 w/ 800 members

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17
Q

existence of death investigation

A
  • England - before 10th century

- U.S. - 1990’s

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18
Q

1877: Massachusetts

A

replaced coroner with licensed medical examiner

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19
Q

forensic pathology

A

studies diseases, its causes, and its diagnosis

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20
Q

specialized areas of forensic pathology

A
  • anatomic: autopsies/examine tissues

- clinical: manage bodily fluids in labs

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21
Q

WWII

A
  • MEs required to be forensic pathologists

- coroners have forensic pathologists do autopsies

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22
Q

purpose of death investigation

A
  • determine cause/manner
  • help draw conclusions
  • supports conclusions
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23
Q

“injury trumps disease”

A

WRONG

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24
Q

manner of death

A

fashion in which the cause of death came to be

-NASH

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25
order of time of death
rigor, livor, algor
26
rigor mortis
stiffening of muscles | -chem reaction of glycogen
27
livor mortis
discoloration of the body | -settling of red blood cells
28
algor mortis
cooling of the body
29
determining jurisdiction
two-pronged test - sudden death - unexpected
30
reviewing witness statements
- helps determine jurisdiction - questions to be answered - refutes statements - predicts judgment
31
questions answered by scene examination
- post-injury movement - time b/w injury/death - time of injury/death - time of unconsciousness
32
autopsy process
- remove organs (inframammary incision) - examine brain - weigh/dissect organs - police custody
33
toxicologists
test: | -blood, urine, bile, portions of internal organs
34
investigation of traumatic death
- NASH - mechanical - thermal - chemical - electrical
35
penetrating
bullet in, doesn't come out
36
perforating
bullet in and out
37
most common drug seen in forensic practice?
ethanol (alcohol)
38
alcohol
- 0.25: coma | - 0.30: deep coma/slow breathing
39
cocaine at high doses
seizures, high body temp, quivering of the heart
40
CO poisoning
- death by asphyxiation | - cherry color under skin
41
cyanide poisoning
- almond odor | - CA: death penalty
42
hyperthermia
excessive heat
43
hypothermia
excessive cold
44
thermal trauma
-few demonstrable signs found at autopsy
45
electrical trauma
- low voltage: ventricular fibrillation | - high voltage: tetany (burn)
46
asphyxias (drowning)
-conscious: excitation phase hemorrhage water in sinuses/brain hyperinflation
47
asphyxias (strangulation)
- manual: hands/arms - ligature: anything around neck *hyoid bone, cornu, hemorrhage
48
forensic anthropology
application of the theory/methods of anthropology to forensic problems
49
tasks of forensic anthropology
- i.d. victim - taphonomic assessment - provide data regarding death events involves multidisciplinary team
50
forensic anthropological profession
1939: Krogman 1972: AAFS established 1977: ABFA established
51
number of bones in adult/infant body
adult - 206 | infant - 405
52
benefit of outdoor screens (when recovering remains)
- improve recovery success - map a scatter plan - document rship b/w body parts/other evidence
53
process of recovering remains
- make grid - pics/document before work - examine for bugs/plants - remove remains gradually/record position
54
taphonomic context
immediate environment and surroundings where the body is found
55
taphonomic context aids in
- interpretation of condition of remains - estimating postmortem interval - location of death
56
taphonomic assessment
documentation of the condition of the body - stage of decomp - amount of scattering - drying/bleaching by weather - other changes
57
goal of a biological profile
describe the individual as to narrow the range of possible identities
58
amount of teeth for child/adult
child: 20 adult: 32
59
most reliable indicator of age
*pubic symphysis - 4th rib - cranium
60
goal in estimating population ancestry
reduce the possibilities for group membership (age, sex or population)
61
allometry
the relation between the size of an organism and the size of any of its parts
62
aid of descriptive characteristics
- medical conditions - handedness - occupational stress markers - congenital anomaly - antemortem medical conditions/pathology
63
levels of certainty
- consistency - probable - beyond a reasonable doubt
64
abbreviated report
- chain of custody - taphonomic assessment - biological profile - i.d. characteristics - description of trauma

Forensic Science (1 decks)

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