Exam 2

Question 1

Angina

Answer 1

chest pain- part of CAD development over many years
many women present with this as their first symptom
clinical manifestation of myocardial ischemia

Question 2

chronic stable angina

Answer 2

chest pain that occurs intermittently over a long period with the same pattern of onset, duration, and intensity of symptoms

Question 3

prinzmetal’s angina

Answer 3

coronary vasospasm-occurs primarily at rest, triggered by smoking and levels of things like histamine, may occur with or without CAD

Question 4

microvascular angina

Answer 4

myocardial ischemia secondary to microvascular disease- treatment may include nitro- more common in women

Question 5

unstable angina

Answer 5

rupture of thickened plaque- occurs at rest

Question 6

MI

Answer 6

myocardial infarction occurs b/c of sustained ischemia causing irreversible myocardial cell death. 80-90% of the time caused by thrombus

Question 7

PAD

Answer 7

peripheral artery disease- thickening of artery walls, results in progressive narrowing of arteries of upper and lower extremities. leading cause is atherosclerosis

Question 8

intermittent claudication

Answer 8

a clinical manifestation of PAD- ischemic muscle pain caused by exercise resolves w/in 10 mins or less w/ rest and is reproducible- lactic acid buildup

Question 9

paresthesia

Answer 9

numbness or tingling in toes or feet

Question 10

characteristics of PAD

Answer 10

peripheral pulses decreased or absent, cap refill more than 3s, ankle-brachial index less than 0.90, no edema, oss of hair on legs, feet, toes, smooth punched out ulcers with no drainage, intermittent claudication or rest pain in foot, nails thick and brittle, skin is thin, shiny, taut cool temp.

Question 11

characteristics of venous disease

Answer 11

peripheral pulses present but hard to find due to edema, cap refill normal, ankle-brachial index greater than 0.90, hair may be present or absent, medial ulcers, irregularly shaped with drainage, tissue is red, yellow, or ruddy, pain is a dull ache or heaviness, ulcer is painful, nails or normal or thick, varicose veins visible, skin is thick and hard and warm, dermatitis and pruritus occurs

Question 12

ABI

Answer 12

ankle-brachial index obtained using hand-held Doppler calculated by dividing ankle systolic BP by higher of left and right brachial systolic BP

Question 13

thromboangiitis obliterans

Answer 13

buerger’s disease- inflammatory disease of arteries not related to atherosclerosis. inflammatory thrombus blocks the blood vessels- pt. must stop smoking marijuana and tobacco in any form- no patches to help

Question 14

raynaud’s phenomenon

Answer 14

episodic vasospastic disorder - decreased perfusion results in pallor, cyanotic, red, coolness, throbbing pain, swelling

Question 15

aortic aneurysm

Answer 15

outpouching on vessel wall

Question 16

phlebitis

Answer 16

inflammation at IV site

Question 17

venous thrombosis

Answer 17

thrombi in vein

Question 18

SVT

Answer 18

superficial vein thrombosis is formation of thrombus in superficial vein

Question 19

DVT

Answer 19

deep vein thrombosis is thrombus in deep vein like iliac or emoral vein

Question 20

VTE

Answer 20

venous thromboembolism- includes DVT and pulmonary embolism

Question 21

virchow’s triad

Answer 21

cause of venous thrombosis 1. venous stasis, 2. damage of endothelium 3. hypercoagulability of blood