Exam 2

Question 1

A section of intestine that receives secretions from the pancreas, gallbladder, and liver is:

Answer 1

Duodenum

Question 2

A name of glands found in the small intestine secreting alkaline to lubricate and protect epithelial cells is:

Answer 2

Brunner’s gland

Question 3

What is the name of an inactive enzyme precursor secreted in the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 3

Zymogens

Question 4

What are the end products of post-gastric fermentation that can be absorbed in the large intestine?

Answer 4

Short chain fatty acids

Question 5

What are reasons of low efficiency of microbial fermentation in the large intestine compared with in the rumen?

Answer 5

Start with feed residue, short retention time, many end products are not absorbed.

Question 6

What is the name of a glandular part of the stomach in avian species?

Answer 6

Proventriculus

Question 7

What is the structure found in the lining of the rumen?

Answer 7

Papillae

Question 8

T/F: There are over 60 species of rumen bacteria which can be affected by pH changes in the rumen.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

T/F: Oxygen entering with feed particles is preserved to maintain aerobic environment

Answer 9

False

Question 10

A hormone secreted from pyloric cells of the stomach stimulating secretions from the fundic glands is:

Answer 10

Gastrin

Question 11

A hormone secreted from duodenal mucosa stimulating the release of bile from gallbladder and pancreatic enzymes is:

Answer 11

Cholecystokinin

Question 12

Secretin is released primarily by

Answer 12

Acidic digesta

Question 13

The nutrients that are mainly delivered by the lymphatic system are:

Answer 13

Long chain fatty acids

Question 14

Which part of the stomach and pregastric chambers is the largest in the ruminants at birth?

Answer 14

Abomasum

Question 15

What are typical sources of water for animals?

Answer 15

Drinking water, water in feed, metabolic water.

Question 16

Most of the water in an animal’s body is located where?

Answer 16

Intracellular

Question 17

Which nutrient generates the largest amount of metabolic water?

Answer 17

Fat

Question 18

____ in bermudagrass hay is greater for cattle than for pigs.

Answer 18

Digestible energy

Question 19

The most popular energy system used to indicate energy contents in feed and feedstuffs in the US is:

Answer 19

ME

Question 20

An instrument or piece of equipment used to measure GE is:

Answer 20

Bomb calorimeter

Question 21

What is the general function of glucose and ribose that are the most soluble form of carbohydrates in plants?

Answer 21

Energy transformation

Question 22

____ take 70% of plant tissues dry matter basis.

Answer 22

Carbohydrates

Question 23

Which carbohydrate is most soluble?

Answer 23

Glucose

Question 24

Starch is assembled form glucose units connected by:

Answer 24

Alpha- 1,4- linkage

Question 25

An oligosaccharide used as a prebiotic in animal feeds is

Answer 25

Fructo-oligosaccharide.

Question 26

A branched polymer (polysaccharides) including xylose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, and galactose is called:

Answer 26

Hemicellulose

Question 27

An endogenous enzyme secreted from the GIT of ruminants is:

Answer 27

Pancreatic amylase, maltase, lactase.

Question 28

T/F: Production of volatile fatty acids from microbial fermentation prevents rumen acidosis.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What are the major non-starch polysaccharides that can increase digesta viscosity when simple stomach animals are fed corn and soybean meal based feed that is popular in the US?

Answer 29

Galactomannan

Question 30

A monosaccharide with the lowest absorption efficiency by gut epithelial cells is

Answer 30

Mannose

Question 31

Gluconeogenesis is:

Answer 31

Synthesis of new glucose from some amino acids and glycerol

Question 32

How many ATP can be generated when a molecule of glucose is completely metabolized in the glycolysis, kreb cycle, and the electron transfer chain?

Answer 32

38 ATP

Question 33

A hormone secreted from pracreatic alpha cells stimulated when blood glucose concentration is low:

Answer 33

Glucagon

Question 34

A volatile fatty acid that can be used to synthesize fatty acids in the liver of ruminants is:

Answer 34

Acetic Acid

Question 35

Simple lipids are _____.

Answer 35

esters of fatty acids with various alcohols.

Question 36

A fatty acid has an interesting property that is both hydrophobic and hydrophillic. This property is called:

Answer 36

Amphipathic

Question 37

Which fatty acid has the lowest melting point?

Answer 37

C18:2 9c12c

Question 38

Which fatty acid is NOT an "omega-3 fatty acid"?

Answer 38

Arachidonic acid

Question 39

What is a key concern when you are including high level polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal feeds?

Answer 39

Need to supplement antioxidants.

Question 40

Which oil has an idea ration of omega3:omega6 fatty acids (1:1 to 1:3) for animals?

Answer 40

Canola oil