Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MLT130 Clinical chemistry > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The major intracellular cation is______ and its normal value is_______

A

Potassium

3.5-5.0 mm/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The major extracellular cation is ________ and its normal value is ___________

A

Sodium

136-145 mm/L or mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The major extracellular anion is __________ and its normal value is __________

A

Chloride

90-109 mm/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the endpoint of a mercurimetric chloride assay?

A

violet blue color- a complex of mercury and diphenylcarbozone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 2 cations are most likely to be ordered to determine the cause of cardiac tetany?

A

calcium and magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Be able to calculate the anion gap if given values for Na+, K+, Cl-, and CO2. Be able to correlate abnormal anion gaps with other test results (such as BUN) or with instrument/technologist error

A

Na+-(Cl-+HCO3-)
8-18 mmol/L
Na++K-(Cl-+HCO3-)
12-20 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

To what does % saturation of transferrin refer? What is the normal value?

A

ratio of serum iron to TIBC

20-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is hypokalemia?

A

low serum potassium; can be caused by decreased dietary intake, vomiting, renal dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If tetany is due to calcium, what specific fraction of calcium is involved? Will it be increased or decreased?

A

decreased ionized Ca2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What analyte in the blood is used to measure serum phosphorous? What is the normal value for serum phosphorous?

A

inorganic phosphate

2.7-4.5 mg%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is it important to measure serum magnesium levels?

A

tetany due to magnesium deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In analyzing calcium by atomic absorption, why is lanthanum added?

A

to prevent interference of phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Calcium exists in serum as ______ and _______. Which one is physiologically active?

A

ionized and protein bound

ionized is physiologically active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A patient with lactic acid acidosis would have an ________ anion gap

A

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the purpose of adding magnesium carbonate to an iron binding capacity? What does TIBC measure?

A

removes excess unbound iron

TIBC: estimates transferrin level in serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Fiske-Subbarow method for phosphorous?

A

molyvdate added to serum to form phosphomolyvdate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

There is a _____________ relationship between serum calcium and phosphorous

A

reciprocal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the normal serum calcium level?

A

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What would be the expected test results for calcium and phosphorous in hyperparathyroidism?

A

CA2+ is increased phosphorous is decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the purpose of adding stannous chloride, ferrous sulfate, and ascorbic acid in the determination of inorganic phosphorous?

A

reducing agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name several things that can affect the level of circulating calcium

A

serum protein levels, parathyroid hormone, bone-cell activity(osteoclastic activity) Vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What 2 hormones control serum calcium levels?

A

calcitonin-increased

parathyroid hormone-decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which electrolyte is the chief plasma base that helps in maintaining osmotic pressure?

A

Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hemolysis has the greatest affect on serum ________levels

A

potassium/magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the function of aldosterone?
increased sodium reabsorption, increased H2O retention, increased BP and blood volume
26
What hormone has the most control over serum phosphate levels?
parathyroid hormone
27
What is the normal serum osmolality?
275-295 mosm/kg of H2O
28
What are the four main buffer systems of the body?
bicarbonate/carbonic acid hemoglobin buffer plasma proteins phosphoric acid/phosphoric buffer
29
The pKa of carbonic acid is ______________
6.1
30
What is added to the reaction mixture in calcium determinations to prevent interference by magnesium?
8-hydroxyl quinoline
31
What component of a freezing point osmometer actually measures the sample temperature?
thermistor
32
What 2 properties can be used to measure osmolality?
vapor pressure | freezing point depression
33
What analytes are the main contributors to serum and urine osmolality?
electrolytes
34
What is the principle of the freezing point osmometer?
freezing point lowered by an amount that is directly proportional to the concentration of dissolved particles in the solution
35
What does PCO2 electrode actually measure?
pH
36
Respiratory acidosis is an increase of ________due to respiratory alkalosis is a decrease of ___________
CO2;CO2
37
During the chloride shift, the chloride moves from _______ to _________. What anion is exchanged for chloride?
plasma to cell | bicarbonate is exchanged for chloride
38
What buffer system contributes most to the regulation of blood pH? What is the normal ratio of the two portions of the buffer system?
bicarbonate/carbonic acid | 20:1
39
Normal blood pH is ________
7.35-7.45 (slightly alkaline)
40
Most of the CO2 present in the blood is in the form of __________
bicarbonate
41
What substance is necessary for the release of oxygen from hemoglobin?
2,3-DPG(diphosphoglycerate)
42
What happens in the body to compensate for a state of metabolic acidosis?
hyperventilation
43
What is the cause of metabolic alkalosis?
excess bicarbonate and/or deficit of noncarbonic acid
44
What is p50?
PO2 at which Hgb is 50% saturated with O2; | equal to 26-27 mmHg
45
List several precautions that must be used in handling a specimen for ABG's
anaerobic, 15 mins, place on ice, heparinized, drawn from the artery
46
Hyperventilation is a common cause of ___________
respiratory alkalosis
47
What reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase?
carbonic anhydrase breaks down carbonic acid CO2 + H2O--> H2CO3 formation of carbonic acid from CO2 and H2O
48
What is the normal range for pCO2? for pO2?
pCO2: 35-45 mmHg | pO2: 80-100 mmHg
49
In general, respiratory acidosis results from __________
decreased exchange of CO2 from lungs | increased CO2 hypoventillation
50
Be able to recognize the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
pH=pKa + Log | (bicarbonate/carbonic acid)
51
A fever of unknown origin would cause a _________ shift of the oxygen dissociation curve while an increased affinity for oxygen causes a _________ shift
right | left
52
Which anticoagulant is preferred for ABG analysis?
heparin
53
The pO2 electrode is based on the principle of __________
amperometric
54
What would be the breathing pattern of a patient in respiratory alkalosis?
shallow, rapid
55
What is the compensatory mechanism in respiratory acidosis?
increase bicarbonate concentration and blood .reabsorption concentration
56
What ABG parameter is most useful in assessing a fire victim?
pO2
57
How would exposure to air bubbles affect an arterial blood sample?
pO2 would increase pH would increase pCO2 would decrease
58
Hyperventilation is the loss of _________
CO2
59
What events shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the left?
decreased- p50, 2,3 DPG, body temp, pCO2 increased-affinity of Hgb for O2, pH, CO2
60
A supercooled solution has a _________temp than its freezing point
lower
61
Every mole of solute decreases the freezing point of H2O by _______ degrees
1.86 degrees celsius
62
What is the name of the rapid stirrer mechanism in an osmometer?
vibrator
63
What are the 4 forms of CO2 in the blood?
bicarbonate (90-95%) carbonic acid dissolved CO2(dCO2) carabamino compounds
64
When calcium levels decline, which hormone is secreted to restore normal calcium levels?
PTH( parathyroid)
65
What gases can be measured by a co-oximeter?
carboxyhemoglobin sulfhemoglobin methemoglobin
66
How should the sample for an ABG measurement be mixed?
roll between palms
67
Name several suitable sites for ABG draws
radial artery, brachial, femoral, temporal
68
If given values for pH, pCO2, and HCO3-, be able to evaluate the acid-base status of the patient
``` pH: 7.35-7.45 pO2: 80-100 pCO2: 35-45 O2 sat: 95-100 HCO3: 22-26 ``` if pH is decreased it is acidosis, increased alkalosis. if pH/pCO2 same=metabolic if pH/pCO2 opposite=respiratory look the PH first.

MLT130 Clinical chemistry (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions