exam 2

Question 1

What is the location of the parathyroid gland?

Answer 1

Medial 1/2 of the posterior surface e of each lobe of the thyroid gland, within the thyroid sheath

Question 2

What is the function of the parathyroid gland?

Answer 2

Metabolism of phosphorus and calcium in the blood with the use of parathyroid hormone

Question 3

What arteries supply blood to the parathyroid gland?

Answer 3

Inferior thyroid, superior thyroid, thyroidea ima, laryngeal, esophageal, and tracheal

Question 4

Which veins are responsible for the supply of the parathyroid gland?

Answer 4

Thyroid plexus of veins

Question 5

Removal of the parathyroid gland causes what irregularity?

Answer 5

Tetany

Question 6

What space is enclosed within the cranial meninges?

Answer 6

Subarachnoid

Question 7

How many layers are there in the cranial meninges (and what are they?)

Answer 7

3;

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

Question 8

Where is cerebrospinal fluid formed?

Answer 8

Subarachnoid space

Question 9

What are the layers of Dura mater?

Answer 9

External periosteal layer and internal meningeal layer

Question 10

What is the largest dural infolding/reflection?

Answer 10

Falx cerebral separating right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum

Question 11

Which sinuses run through the falx cerebri

Answer 11

Superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, straight

Question 12

What is the reflection which separates the occipital lobes from the cerebellum

Answer 12

Cerebellar tentorium

Question 13

What is the name of the gap in which the brain stem extends from the posterior cranial to middle cranial fossa?

Answer 13

Tentorial notch

Question 14

What is the name of the fold which separated the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

Answer 14

Falx cerebelli, attached to the internal occipital crest

Question 15

What is the name of the smallest reflection and why is it significant?

Answer 15

Diaphragm sella, it makes the roof of the hypophyseal fossa at the sphenoid bone

Question 16

Which sinus does not end at the confluence of sinuses

Answer 16

Inferior sagittal (ends at the straight sinus)

Question 17

Which sinus receives superior cerebellar veins?

Answer 17

superior sagittal sinus

Question 18

Which sinus is formed by the union of inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral veins?

Answer 18

Straight sinus

Question 19

Where does the blood from the confluence of sinuses drain?

Answer 19

Transverse sinus (which becomes sigmoid)

Question 20

Where does the internal carotid artery lie?

Answer 20

within each cavernous sinus surrounded by the carotid sheath ( which includes the abducens nerve)

Question 21

Which nerves are contained in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus?

Answer 21

Trochlear, oculonotor, ophthalamic, and maxillary

Question 22

Which sinus drains the veins of the lateral cavernous sinuses to the internal jugular vein?

Answer 22

inferior petrosal

Question 23

Which veins are valveless, and therefore allow blood flow in either direction?

Answer 23

Emissary veins

Question 24

Which nerves supply the Dura mater?

Answer 24

Meningeal branches of maxillary, mandibular, ophthalamic, vagus, and sensory branches of C1-3.

Question 25

Cavernous sinus thrombosis occurs when?

Answer 25

Epidural and subdue al sinuses become infected; can be bacterial, trauma, or tooh/ear infection related

Question 26

Which cranial nerve innervates to the eye originates at the mid brain at the level of the superior colliculus

Answer 26

Oculomotor

Question 27

Which nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye and originates from the mid brain at the level of the inferior colliculus

Answer 27

Trochlear

Question 28

Which cranial nerve is the largest

Answer 28

Trigeminal

Question 29

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve

Answer 29

Zygomatic, posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, anterior and middle superior alve9lar, greater palatine, lesser palatine, nasopalatine, and pharyngeal

Question 30

What are the branches of the mandibular nerve?

Answer 30

Nervus spinosus, buccal nerve, auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar

Question 31

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 31

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical

Question 32

What is the name of the nerve which goes through the auditory meatus?

Answer 32

Vestibulocochlear

Question 33

Which cranial nerve supplies parasympathetic innervates to the parotid gland?

Answer 33

Glossopharyngeal

Question 34

What are the branches of glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 34

Tympanic, carotid sinus, pharyngeal, tonsillar, and lingual

Question 35

Which cranial nerve is the longest?

Answer 35

Vagus

Question 36

What are the branches of vagus?

Answer 36

Superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal

Question 37

What is the special sensory function of vagus?

Answer 37

Taste from epilog rise to palate

Question 38

Which cranial nerve arises from the nucleus ambiguous

Answer 38

Cranial portion of accessory (spinal comes from anterior horn motor neurons in superior 5 cervicals)

Question 39

What are the branches of hypoglossal

Answer 39

Meningeal branches, muscular branches, and and a cervicalis

Question 40

Which muscle of the tongue is not innervated by hypoglossal?

Answer 40

Palatoglossus

Question 41

What is the name of the periosteum of the orbit

Answer 41

Periorbita

Question 42

What forms the "skeleton" of the eyelid

Answer 42

Tars al plate made of dense bands of connective tissue

Question 43

What is the largest endocrine gland in the body?

Answer 43

Thyroid

Question 44

Which gland is responsible for metabolism and calcitonin

Answer 44

Thyroid

Question 45

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 45

C5-T1 anteriorly

Question 46

The loose sheath surrounding the thyroid gland and ts capsules is the visceral portion of

Answer 46

The pretrache al layer of the deep cervical fascia

Question 47

At which level of tracheal rings does the thyroid arise?

Answer 47

Rings 2-3

Question 48

What artery is the first branch of the external carotid?

Answer 48

Superior thyroid, supplying the an term superior aspect of the gland

Question 49

What nerve does the superior thyroid artery run parallel to?

Answer 49

External laryngeal

Question 50

What artery is the largest branch of the external carotid?

Answer 50

Inferior thyroid, supplying the posteroinferior aspect of the gland, including the poles. *arises from subclavian

Question 51

Which nerve runs parallel to inferior thyroid

Answer 51

Recurrent laryngeal

Question 52

What is the name of the small unpaired artery which branches off of the brachial phallic trunk in approx 10% of the population

Answer 52

Thyroidea ima artery

Question 53

Which thyroid veins drain directly into the internal jugular vein?

Answer 53

Superior and middle thyroid

Question 54

Which thyroid vein drains into the brachiocephallic

Answer 54

Inferior thyroid

Question 55

Which vertebral region do the nerves of the thyroid gland originate

Answer 55

Upper, middle, and lower sympathe tic ganglia of the cervical region

Question 56

Injury to laryngeal nerve could present with these signs

Answer 56

Hoarse voice, temporary aphonia, laryngeal spasma