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Geography > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Percent of world oil in Saudi Arabia.

A

25%

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2
Q

Percent of world oil in Middle East.

A

66%

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3
Q

What is king Abdullah of Saudi Arabia doing to prepare his country for when the oil runs out?

A

Building a great university of science and technology. (KAUST)

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4
Q

Percent of world oil in USA?

A

2%

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5
Q

Nations/Ethnic groups of the Middle East

A

Arab, Kurd, Jews, Turks

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6
Q

Languages in Middle East

A

Arabic, Kurdish, Hebrew, French, Fassi.

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7
Q

What demographic factor is holding back the growth of Middle East economies the most?

A

Women not working

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8
Q

Hydraulic civilization

A

Irrigation needed to grow crops, control the water = control the people.

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9
Q

Jordan river diversions and Dead Sea.

A

Jordan river diversions for crops are killing the Dead Sea.

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10
Q

Petra represents what about Jordan?

A

Openess to the world, tourism. City of stone.

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11
Q

What invasions of the Middle East continue to cause anger in the region:

A

Crusades, ottoman Turks, England/France, u.s., creation of the state of Israel is seen by many Arabs as an invasion and occupation.

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12
Q

Why might Jordan be seen as a role model for the Middle East?

A

Safe and stable, building an Economy without oil, fighting ISIL/ISIS.

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13
Q

Amman, Jordan and refugees.

A

Capital. 900,000 refugees flee to Amman and Jordan from Palestine, Iraq and Syria.

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14
Q

Persia/Arab Gulf

A

Separated Saudi Arabia from Iran. Called Persian gulf by Iranians and Arabian gulf by Saudis.

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15
Q

Qur’an

A

Holy book.

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16
Q

Five pillars of Islam

A
  • repeat the basic creed
  • pray five times a day facing Mecca
  • Ramadan (month of fasting)
  • generosity to the poor
  • the hajj. (Pilgrimage to Mecca once in your life)
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17
Q

Sunni and Shia Muslims (why are they different and which countries are majority Shia and what region of Iraq)

A

Different view of who should lead the faith after profits deaths. Southern Iraq is mostly Shia.

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18
Q

Islamization

A

Spreading of Islam from Arabia.

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19
Q

Percent of worlds Muslims in the Middle East

A

20%

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20
Q

Coptic Christians

A

Common in Egypt.

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21
Q

Necropolis

A

“City of the dead” pyramids, cemeteries.

22
Q

House of Saud

A

Royal family - controls everything. 5,000 members.

23
Q

Ottoman Empire.

A

Turks conquer the Arab empire and Jews.

24
Q

ISIL

A

“Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant” goal to recreate the lost Muslim empire. Terrorism, gang warfare, brutality.

25
Q

Which Middle East counties are now fighting ISIS/ISIL and why?

A

Jordan because one pilot was murdered by them.

Egypt because of behaving of Christians in Libya.

26
Q

Yemen

A

Center for terrorism, training sites exist. 20 million poor people, no oil. Low literacy.

27
Q

Persia

A

Iran - 2nd largest population in region. Farsi spoken.

28
Q

Farsi

A

Official language or Iran.

29
Q

Ayatollah Khomeini

A

Religious leader of 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran.

30
Q

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

A

Former president. Calls for destination of Israel building nukes.

31
Q

Hassan Rouhani and the Iran nuclear deal with the U.S.

A

Current leader of Iran. Supports Nike deal to flow down production of nuke weapons in exchange for the slow lifting of U.S. economic sanctions had threatened Israel with destruction.

32
Q

Axis of Evil countries

A

Iraq, Iran, and North Korea.

33
Q

Saddam Hussein

A

Now dead, former dictator of Iraq, U.S. Once supported him during Iran-Iraq war in 1980s. Invaded Kuwait in 1991.

34
Q

Osama bin Laden

A

Once leader of al-Qaeda. Killed by seal team 6.

35
Q

Balfour declaration of 1917

A

British called for a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

36
Q

Zionism

A

God promised Jews a homeland in the Middle East.

37
Q

When and why was is Israel created?

A

To create a safe sanctuary for the Jews after holocaust.

38
Q

Intifada

A

Palestinian uprising against Israel.

39
Q

PLO

A

Palestine Liberation Organization. Terrorist in the past.

40
Q

Yasir Arafat

A

Former leader of PLO and founder.

41
Q

Six Day War

A

Israel attacked by Egypt, Syria, Lebanon and Jordan. 1967.

42
Q

Areas claimed by Israel after the six day war.

A
  • Gaza Strip (from Palestinians) given back
  • Sinai peninsula (from Egypt) given back
  • east Jerusalem (from Palestinians)
  • West Bank (from Jordan)
  • golan heights (Syria)
43
Q

Hamas

A

Palestinian political party.

44
Q

Hezbollah

A

Terrorist group attacking Israel. Operates out of Lebanon funded by Iran.

45
Q

“Two State Solution”

A

Create a Jewish state and Palestinian state. Separates the groups to achieve peace.

46
Q

OPEC

A

Organizations of petroleum exporting countries. An oil cartel. Diverse.

47
Q

Muammar Khadafy

A

Dead. Former dictator of oil rich Libya. Killed during Arab spring.

48
Q

Muslim Brotherhood

A

Islamic political party in Egypt, won election, thrown out by military.

49
Q

Kurds and “Kurdistan”

A

Kurds want their own country, called Kurdistan, does not exist.

50
Q

Kuwait (why is it a strong ally of the United States)

A

U.S. Helped free it from Saddam Hussein in 1991.

51
Q

Three nations fighting in Iraq and what each wants geopolitically. What does each nation want and fear?

A
  • Sunni: want to return to power, fear Shia revenge for Saddam Hussein.
  • Shia: Shares goverence with Sunnis, fear Sunni return to power.
  • Kurd: want Kurdistan. Fear of being killed like Saddam Hussein did.

Geography (7 decks)

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