exam 2

Question 1

arranged elements by atomic mass

Answer 1

Newlands

Question 2

discovered correlation between the number of protons and the frequency of x-rays generated

Answer 2

Moseley

Question 3

groups 1A to 7A

Answer 3

main group elements

Question 4

group 8A; have completely filled p subshells

Answer 4

noble gases

Question 5

group 1B and 3B to 8B

Answer 5

transition metals

Question 6

make up the f-block transition elements

Answer 6

lathanides and actinides

Question 7

outermost electrons of an atom

Answer 7

valence electrons

Question 8

independently proposed the idea of periodicity

Answer 8

Mendeleev and Meyer

Question 9

3 things valence electrons are responsible for

Answer 9

1. formation of chemical bonds
2. help predict chemical properties
3. usually the only electrons that interact with other atoms to form chem. bonds

Question 10

actual magnitude of positive charge that is experienced by an electron in the atom

Answer 10

effective nuclear charge

Question 11

where an electron is partially blocked from the positive charge of the nucleus by other electrons

Answer 11

sheilding

Question 12

Zeff increases from..

Answer 12

left to right

Question 13

distance between the nucleus of an atom and its valence shell

Answer 13

atomic radius

Question 14

atomic radius in metals

Answer 14

metallic radius

Question 15

atomic radius in nonmetals

Answer 15

covalent radius

Question 16

atomic radius increases…

Answer 16

top to bottom; right to left

Question 17

relative ability of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons affected by atomic radius; can only be measured for one element relative to another

Answer 17

electronegativity

Question 18

has the highest electronegativity

Answer 18

Fluorine

Question 19

minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase

Answer 19

ionization energy

Question 20

ionization energy increases..

Answer 20

left to right, bottom to top

Question 21

energy released when an atom in the gas phase accepts an electron

Answer 21

electron affinity

Question 22

electron affinity increases…

Answer 22

left to right, bottom to top

Question 23

shiny, lustrous, malleable, ductile, good conductors, low ionization energies

Answer 23

metals

Question 24

not shiny, brittle, poor conductors, high electron affinities

Answer 24

nonmetals

Question 25

species with identical electron configurations to the noble gas to the right

Answer 25

isoelectric

Question 26

radius of a cation or anion

Answer 26

ionic radius

Question 27

When an atom loses an electron the radius...

Answer 27

decreases

Question 28

when an atom gains an electron the radius...

Answer 28

increases

Question 29

series of two or more species that have identical e- configurations but different nuclear charges

Answer 29

isoelectronic series

Question 30

substance composed of two or more elements combined in a specific ratio and held together by chemical bonds

Answer 30

compounds

Question 31

suggested that atoms combine to achieve a more stable electron configuration

Answer 31

Lewis

Question 32

method used for depicting the valence electrons of the atoms involved in a compound

Answer 32

lewis dot symbols

Question 33

elements with low ionization energies tend to form...

Answer 33

cations

Question 34

elements with high ionization energies tend to form...

Answer 34

anions

Question 35

when cations and anions are brought together

Answer 35

ionic compounds

Question 36

most common ionic compounds

Answer 36

binary compounds

Question 37

typically hold ionic compounds together

Answer 37

ionic bonds

Question 38

3-D array of anions and cations

Answer 38

lattice

Question 39

energy change associated with the formation on ionic bonds

Answer 39

lattice energy

Question 40

the greater the lattice energy ( ) stable the compound

Answer 40

MORE

Question 41

if the distance between two elements in an ionic bond increases, the lattice energy will....

Answer 41

decrease

Question 42

consists of a single atom with more or less electrons than protons

Answer 42

monatomic ions

Question 43

combination of at least two atoms in a specific arrangement held together by chemical forces

Answer 43

molecule

Question 44

different samples of a given compound always contain the same elements in the same ration

Answer 44

law of definite proportions

Question 45

the ratio of masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element can be expressed in small whole numbers

Answer 45

law of multiple proportions

Question 46

contain more than 2 atoms

Answer 46

polyatomic molecules

Question 47

shows the exact number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Answer 47

molecular formula

Question 48

shows elemental composition and general arrangements

Answer 48

skeletal formula

Question 49

whole-number ratio of elements; gives the simplest formula rather than actual formula

Answer 49

empirical formula

Question 50

substance that consists of just 2 different elements

Answer 50

binary compounds

Question 51

contain only H and C

Answer 51

hydrocarbons

Question 52

simplest hydrocarbon

Answer 52

alkanes

Question 53

compounds without C

Answer 53

inorganic compounds

Question 54

consists of a combination of two or more ions

Answer 54

polyatomic ions

Question 55

polyatomic anions that contain one ore more oxygen atoms and once atom of another

Answer 55

oxoanions

Question 56

produce hydrogen ion an the corresponding oxyanions when dissolved in water

Answer 56

oxoacids

Question 57

one ionizable hydrogen

Answer 57

monoprotic

Question 58

more than one ionizable hydrogen

Answer 58

polyprotic

Question 59

compound that has a specific number of water moles within its solid structure

Answer 59

hydrate

Question 60

mass in amu of an individual molecule

Answer 60

molecular mass

Question 61

a list of percent by mass of each element in a compound

Answer 61

percent composition by mass

Question 62

mass in grams of one mole of a substance

Answer 62

molar mass

Question 63

atoms will lose, gain, or share electrons in order to achieve a noble gas electron configuration

Answer 63

octet rule

Question 64

occur between atoms that share electrons

Answer 64

covalent bonds

Question 65

occur between a metal and a nonmetal and involve ions

Answer 65

ionic bond

Question 66

bond where electrons are not shared equally

Answer 66

polar

Question 67

ability of an atom in a compound to draw electrons to itself

Answer 67

electronegativity

Question 68

a bond between atoms whose electronegativity differ by the range of .5 to 2.0

Answer 68

polar

Question 69

quantitative measure of the clarity of a bond

Answer 69

dipole moment

Question 70

comparing calculated dipole moment with measured values gives a quantitive way to describe the nature of a bond

Answer 70

percent ionic character

Question 71

used to determine the most plausible lewis structure when more than one exist

Answer 71

formal charge

Question 72

covalent bond in which one of the atoms denotes both electrons

Answer 72

coordinate covalent bond

Question 73

species that has a lone pair of electrons that can be donated

Answer 73

lewis base

Question 74

species that can accept a pair of electrons

Answer 74

lewis acid