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Flashcards in Exam 2 Deck (96)
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1
Q

What does IUPAC stand for?

A
International 
Union of
Pure &
Applied
Chemistry
2
Q

What is the role of the IUPAC?

A

Set standards for the naming and classification of INORGANIC compounds

3
Q

What is class A? (2 items) + definition

A

Ionic compounds

  • Binary Ionic = compound consisting of 1 metal & 1 nonmetal
  • Ternary Ionic = compound consisting of usually 1 metal and at least 1 nonmetal
4
Q

What is class B? (1 item)

A

Molecular compounds

-Binary Molecular = compound consisting of 2 nonmetals

5
Q

What is class C? (2 items)

A

Aqueous Solution

  • Binary Acid = compound containing 1 nonmetal & Hydrogen in solution
  • Ternary Oxyacid = compound containing Hydrogen, Oxygen, & 1 nonmetal in solution
6
Q

Does a cation ion lose or gain electrons? What is its charge?

A

Cation’s lose electrons. The charge is positive.

7
Q

Does a anion lose or gain electrons? What is its charge?

A

Anions gain electrons. The charge is negative.

8
Q

What is a polyatomic ion?

A

A group of atoms covalently bound together with an overall charge. [If it had a negative charge, it would be a polyatomic anion. If it were positive, it would be a polyatomic cation.]

9
Q

C2H3O2-

A

Acetate

10
Q

CO3^2-

A

Carbonate

11
Q

ClO3-

A

Chlorate

12
Q

ClO2-

A

Chlorite

13
Q

CrO4^2-

A

Chromate

14
Q

CN-

A

Cyanide

15
Q

Cr2O7^2-

A

Dichromate

16
Q

HCO3-

A

Hydrogen Carbonate

17
Q

HSO4-

A

Hydrogen Sulfate

18
Q

OH-

A

Hydroxide

19
Q

ClO-

A

Hypochlorite

20
Q

NO3-

A

Nitrate

21
Q

NO2-

A

Nitrite

22
Q

ClO4-

A

Perchlorate

23
Q

MnO4-

A

Permanganate

24
Q

PO4^3-

A

Phosphate

25
Q

SO4^2-

A

Sulfate

26
Q

SO3^2-

A

Sulfite

27
Q

NH4+

A

Ammonium

28
Q

H3O+

A

Hydronium

29
Q

What is the overall charge of a formula unit?

A

It is neutral

30
Q

When writing a chemical formula, how must the cation & anion be placed?

A

Cation must come before the Anion

31
Q

What is the system called for naming cations? [Fe2 = Iron(II) ion or Fe3 = Iron(III) ion)

A

Stock System

32
Q

What are polyatomic anions that contain oxygen called?

A

Oxyanion

33
Q

What are the 7 diatomic molecules?

A

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2.

34
Q

Mono

A

1

35
Q

Di

A

2

36
Q

Tri

A

3

37
Q

Tetra

A

4

38
Q

Penta

A

5

39
Q

Hexa

A

6

40
Q

Hepta

A

7

41
Q

Octa

A

8

42
Q

Nona

A

9

43
Q

Deca

A

10

44
Q

When do you use greek prefixes to name compounds?

A

When they are binary molecular compounds

45
Q

In terms of greek prefixes, how is “mono” to be used?

A

Can only be applied to the second element in the compound BUT ONLY if there is only 1 of the first element.

46
Q

The formula of an acid always begins with what atom?

A

Hydrogen

47
Q

How do you say HF(aq)

A

Hydroflouric Acid

48
Q

How do you say H2S(aq)

A

Hydrosulfuric Acid

49
Q

In naming Ternary Oxyacids, what suffix do you use if the oxyanion ends in “-ate”? For example, HNO3(aq)?

A
  • IC ACID

- Nitric Acid

50
Q

In naming Ternary Oxyacids, what suffix do you use if the oxyanion ends in “-ite”? For example, HNO2(aq)?

A
  • OUS ACID

- Nitrous Acid

51
Q

What are electrons found close to the nucleus called?

A

Core electrons

52
Q

What are the outermost electrons called? What energy sub levels do they land on?

A
  • Valence electrons

- S & P sub levels

53
Q

What are the electrons called that are responsible for holding atoms together in a chemical bond?

A

Valence

54
Q

This rule says that when atoms bond, they do so in a manner where they end up with 8 electrons on the outershell

A

Octet rule

55
Q

What are the two ways an atom can share electrons?

A
  • By transfer of electrons from one atom to another

- By sharing of electrons

56
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

A bond formed when there is a complete transfer of electrons causing the atoms to have either a positive or negative charge

57
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A bond formed when atoms share electrons to form molecular compounds

58
Q

Ionic bonds are formed between what?

A

Cations & Anions

59
Q

Ionic bonds are strong and result in the formation of _, _ _.

A

Rigid, crystalline structure.

60
Q

Is a cation larger or smaller than its starting atom?

A

Smaller

61
Q

Is an anion larger or smaller than its starting atom?

A

Larger

62
Q

What is needed to break a covalent bond?

A

Bond energy

63
Q

What are the electrons called that are being shared by atoms?

A

Bonding Electrons

64
Q

In a covalent bond, what are the electrons that are not being shared called?

A

Nonbonding electrons or lone pairs.

65
Q

How do you easily calculate the total number of electron pairs in a compound?

A

Add all valence electrons and divide by 2

66
Q

What is the phenomenon called where you are able to freely build a double bond between any of the atoms in a single compound?

A

Resonance

67
Q

What does it mean when a bond is polarized?

A

One of the atoms in the bond is holding the bonding elections more tightly than the other atom

68
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

A bond in which the electrons are not shared equally

69
Q

In a polar covalent bond, how can you tell which atom is the atom that is holding on more tightly to the bonded electrons?

A

The atom that is more electronegative

70
Q

What is the most electronegative atom?

A

Fluorine

71
Q

How is a polar bond indicated?

A

Delta

72
Q

When is a bond considered a non polar bond?

A

When the electronegativity is less than 0.5

73
Q

Do the Diatomic Halogen Molecules have polar or non polar bonds?

A

Nonpolar

74
Q

When is a Hydrogen bond present?

A

When the molecule has an N-H,O-H, or F-H bond.

75
Q

What is the theory called that says that electron pairs surrounding an atom repel each other?

A

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory

76
Q

What is the difference between Electron Pair Geometry & Molecular Shape?

A
  • Electron Pair Geometry: indicates how both bonding and nonbonding ELECTRON PAIRS are arranged around the central atom
  • Molecular Shape: gives the arrangement of the ATOMS around the central atom as a result of electron repulsion.
77
Q

What theory can be used to predict the shape of molecules?

A

VSEPR Theory

78
Q

What are the ways to tell if a chemical reaction has occurred?

A
  1. Gas is detected
  2. Precipitate is formed
  3. Permanent color change
  4. Heat or light is given off
79
Q

What is the difference between an exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction?

A
  1. Exothermic: gives off heat

2. Endothermic: absorbs heat

80
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

Something that speeds up a reaction

81
Q

What are the five classes of Chemical Reactions?

A
  1. Combination Reaction
  2. Decompostion Reaction
  3. Single-Replacement
  4. Double-Replacement
  5. Neutralization
82
Q

What kind of reaction is this? A + Z –> AZ

A

Combination Reaction

83
Q

What are the three kinds of combination reaction?

A
  1. non-metal + oxygen
  2. metal + oxygeb
  3. metal + nonmetal
84
Q

What kind of reaction is this? AZ –> A + Z

A

Decomposition Reaction

85
Q

What is usually required for a Decomp reaction to occur?

A

Heat or light

86
Q

Metal Hydrogen Carbonates decompose to what?

A

Metal carbonate, water, & carbon dioxide.

87
Q

What kind of reaction is this? A + BZ –> B + AZ

A

Single replacement reaction

88
Q

What happens if a metal precedes or follows another metal?

A
  • Precedes: Reaction

- Follows: No reaction

89
Q

What kind of reaction is this? AX + BZ –> AZ + BX

A

Double Replacement Reaction

90
Q

What kind of reaction is this? HX + BOH –> BX + HOH

A

Neutralization Reaction

91
Q

What is a neutralization reaction?

A

A reaction between an acid and a base

92
Q

What is a double replacement reaction?

A

When two ionic compounds in aqueous solution switch anions and produce two new compounds

93
Q

What is a single replacement reaction?

A

When a more reaction metal displaces a less active metal in a compound

94
Q

What is a decomposition reaction?

A

When a compound is broken down into simpler substances

95
Q

What is a combination reaction?

A

When two simple substances are combined to make a more complex compound

96
Q

What do you always produce in a neutralization reaction?

A

Water (H2O or HOH)