Exam 2 Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
What does IUPAC stand for?
A
International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry
2
Q
What is the role of the IUPAC?
A
Set standards for the naming and classification of INORGANIC compounds
3
Q
What is class A? (2 items) + definition
A
Ionic compounds
- Binary Ionic = compound consisting of 1 metal & 1 nonmetal
- Ternary Ionic = compound consisting of usually 1 metal and at least 1 nonmetal
4
Q
What is class B? (1 item)
A
Molecular compounds
-Binary Molecular = compound consisting of 2 nonmetals
5
Q
What is class C? (2 items)
A
Aqueous Solution
- Binary Acid = compound containing 1 nonmetal & Hydrogen in solution
- Ternary Oxyacid = compound containing Hydrogen, Oxygen, & 1 nonmetal in solution
6
Q
Does a cation ion lose or gain electrons? What is its charge?
A
Cation’s lose electrons. The charge is positive.
7
Q
Does a anion lose or gain electrons? What is its charge?
A
Anions gain electrons. The charge is negative.
8
Q
What is a polyatomic ion?
A
A group of atoms covalently bound together with an overall charge. [If it had a negative charge, it would be a polyatomic anion. If it were positive, it would be a polyatomic cation.]
9
Q
C2H3O2-
A
Acetate
10
Q
CO3^2-
A
Carbonate
11
Q
ClO3-
A
Chlorate
12
Q
ClO2-
A
Chlorite
13
Q
CrO4^2-
A
Chromate
14
Q
CN-
A
Cyanide
15
Q
Cr2O7^2-
A
Dichromate
16
Q
HCO3-
A
Hydrogen Carbonate
17
Q
HSO4-
A
Hydrogen Sulfate
18
Q
OH-
A
Hydroxide
19
Q
ClO-
A
Hypochlorite
20
Q
NO3-
A
Nitrate
21
Q
NO2-
A
Nitrite
22
Q
ClO4-
A
Perchlorate
23
Q
MnO4-
A
Permanganate
24
Q
PO4^3-
A
Phosphate
25
SO4^2-
Sulfate
26
SO3^2-
Sulfite
27
NH4+
Ammonium
28
H3O+
Hydronium
29
What is the overall charge of a formula unit?
It is neutral
30
When writing a chemical formula, how must the cation & anion be placed?
Cation must come before the Anion
31
What is the system called for naming cations? [Fe2 = Iron(II) ion or Fe3 = Iron(III) ion)
Stock System
32
What are polyatomic anions that contain oxygen called?
Oxyanion
33
What are the 7 diatomic molecules?
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2.
34
Mono
1
35
Di
2
36
Tri
3
37
Tetra
4
38
Penta
5
39
Hexa
6
40
Hepta
7
41
Octa
8
42
Nona
9
43
Deca
10
44
When do you use greek prefixes to name compounds?
When they are binary molecular compounds
45
In terms of greek prefixes, how is "mono" to be used?
Can only be applied to the second element in the compound BUT ONLY if there is only 1 of the first element.
46
The formula of an acid always begins with what atom?
Hydrogen
47
How do you say HF(aq)
Hydroflouric Acid
48
How do you say H2S(aq)
Hydrosulfuric Acid
49
In naming Ternary Oxyacids, what suffix do you use if the oxyanion ends in "-ate"? For example, HNO3(aq)?
- IC ACID
| - Nitric Acid
50
In naming Ternary Oxyacids, what suffix do you use if the oxyanion ends in "-ite"? For example, HNO2(aq)?
- OUS ACID
| - Nitrous Acid
51
What are electrons found close to the nucleus called?
Core electrons
52
What are the outermost electrons called? What energy sub levels do they land on?
- Valence electrons
| - S & P sub levels
53
What are the electrons called that are responsible for holding atoms together in a chemical bond?
Valence
54
This rule says that when atoms bond, they do so in a manner where they end up with 8 electrons on the outershell
Octet rule
55
What are the two ways an atom can share electrons?
- By transfer of electrons from one atom to another
| - By sharing of electrons
56
What is an ionic bond?
A bond formed when there is a complete transfer of electrons causing the atoms to have either a positive or negative charge
57
What is a covalent bond?
A bond formed when atoms share electrons to form molecular compounds
58
Ionic bonds are formed between what?
Cations & Anions
59
Ionic bonds are strong and result in the formation of _, _ _.
Rigid, crystalline structure.
60
Is a cation larger or smaller than its starting atom?
Smaller
61
Is an anion larger or smaller than its starting atom?
Larger
62
What is needed to break a covalent bond?
Bond energy
63
What are the electrons called that are being shared by atoms?
Bonding Electrons
64
In a covalent bond, what are the electrons that are not being shared called?
Nonbonding electrons or lone pairs.
65
How do you easily calculate the total number of electron pairs in a compound?
Add all valence electrons and divide by 2
66
What is the phenomenon called where you are able to freely build a double bond between any of the atoms in a single compound?
Resonance
67
What does it mean when a bond is polarized?
One of the atoms in the bond is holding the bonding elections more tightly than the other atom
68
What is a polar covalent bond?
A bond in which the electrons are not shared equally
69
In a polar covalent bond, how can you tell which atom is the atom that is holding on more tightly to the bonded electrons?
The atom that is more electronegative
70
What is the most electronegative atom?
Fluorine
71
How is a polar bond indicated?
Delta
72
When is a bond considered a non polar bond?
When the electronegativity is less than 0.5
73
Do the Diatomic Halogen Molecules have polar or non polar bonds?
Nonpolar
74
When is a Hydrogen bond present?
When the molecule has an N-H,O-H, or F-H bond.
75
What is the theory called that says that electron pairs surrounding an atom repel each other?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory
76
What is the difference between Electron Pair Geometry & Molecular Shape?
- Electron Pair Geometry: indicates how both bonding and nonbonding ELECTRON PAIRS are arranged around the central atom
- Molecular Shape: gives the arrangement of the ATOMS around the central atom as a result of electron repulsion.
77
What theory can be used to predict the shape of molecules?
VSEPR Theory
78
What are the ways to tell if a chemical reaction has occurred?
1. Gas is detected
2. Precipitate is formed
3. Permanent color change
4. Heat or light is given off
79
What is the difference between an exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction?
1. Exothermic: gives off heat
| 2. Endothermic: absorbs heat
80
What is a catalyst?
Something that speeds up a reaction
81
What are the five classes of Chemical Reactions?
1. Combination Reaction
2. Decompostion Reaction
3. Single-Replacement
4. Double-Replacement
5. Neutralization
82
What kind of reaction is this? A + Z --> AZ
Combination Reaction
83
What are the three kinds of combination reaction?
1. non-metal + oxygen
2. metal + oxygeb
3. metal + nonmetal
84
What kind of reaction is this? AZ --> A + Z
Decomposition Reaction
85
What is usually required for a Decomp reaction to occur?
Heat or light
86
Metal Hydrogen Carbonates decompose to what?
Metal carbonate, water, & carbon dioxide.
87
What kind of reaction is this? A + BZ --> B + AZ
Single replacement reaction
88
What happens if a metal precedes or follows another metal?
- Precedes: Reaction
| - Follows: No reaction
89
What kind of reaction is this? AX + BZ --> AZ + BX
Double Replacement Reaction
90
What kind of reaction is this? HX + BOH --> BX + HOH
Neutralization Reaction
91
What is a neutralization reaction?
A reaction between an acid and a base
92
What is a double replacement reaction?
When two ionic compounds in aqueous solution switch anions and produce two new compounds
93
What is a single replacement reaction?
When a more reaction metal displaces a less active metal in a compound
94
What is a decomposition reaction?
When a compound is broken down into simpler substances
95
What is a combination reaction?
When two simple substances are combined to make a more complex compound
96
What do you always produce in a neutralization reaction?
Water (H2O or HOH)
