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Physical Assessment > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Distorted taste or bad taste could be indicative of:

A
  1. B12 deficiency
  2. Diabetes mellitus
  3. Severe renal disease
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2
Q

Glossodynia (burning painful tongue) could be indicative of:

A
  1. B12 deficiency
  2. Folate deficiency
  3. Diabetes
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3
Q

Xerostomia could be indicative of:

A
  1. Uncontrolled diabetes
  2. Iron deficiency anemia
  3. Sjogren’s syndrome
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4
Q

Pain the in mandible could be indicative of:

A
  1. Myeloma
  2. Thalassemia
  3. Sickle cell anemia
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5
Q

Excessive bleeding when brushing could be indicative of:

A

Thrombocytopenia due to:

  • Leukemia
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Cancer
  • Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
  • Medications
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6
Q

Mucosal pallor could be the result of:

A

Anemia due to:

  • B12 deficiency
  • Folate deficiency
  • Iron deficiency
  • Blood loss
  • Leukemia
  • Cancer
  • Hemolytic anemia
  • Chronic disease
  • Severe renal disease
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7
Q

Angular chelitis could be the result of:

A
  1. Iron deficiency anemia

2. Folate deficiency

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8
Q

Non specific Stomatitis could be the result of:

A
  1. B12 Deficiency anemia

2. Folate deficiency anemia

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9
Q

Ulcerative stomatitis could be the result of:

A
  1. Leukemia
  2. Aplastic anemia
  3. Neutropenia
  4. Folate deficiency anemia
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10
Q

A Beefy Red Tongue could be the result of:

A
  1. B12 Deficiency anemia

2. Folate deficiency anemia

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11
Q

A Smooth Shiny Tongue could be the result of:

A

B12 or Folate deficiency

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12
Q

Periodontal bleeding and Inflammation could be the result of:

A

Uncontrolled Diabetes

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13
Q

Petechiae and/or ecchymosis could be the result of:

A

Thrombocytopenia due to:

  • Leukemia
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Cancer
  • ITP
  • Medications
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14
Q

Loose teeth could be the result of:

A
  1. Myeloma

2. Diabetes

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15
Q

Gingival hyperplasia could be the result of:

A

Leukemia

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16
Q

Abnormal radiographic findings could be the result of:

A
  1. Myeloma
  2. Thalassemia
  3. Hyperparathyroidism
  4. Sickle Cell Anemia
17
Q

Indications for a Prothrombin Time INR =

A

Patients on Coumadin Therapy

18
Q

Indications for a Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), Prothrombin Time (PT), Platelet Function Assay (PFA), and CBC with Platelet Count include:

A
  1. Any patient with a personal or family history of bleeding problems
  2. Patients with petechiae or ecchymoses on arms/legs
  3. Any patient with hemarthrosis and hematomas
  4. Any patient with excessive, unexplained bleeding from gingiva
  5. Patients with liver disease or known alcoholics
19
Q

Indications for a Platelet Function Assay (PFA) =

A

Patients on high doses of NSAIDs

20
Q

Indications for a CBC =

A
  1. Patients with a recent history of anemia
  2. Patients with gross infections
  3. Patients with unexplained oral ulcerations, gingival hyperplasia, gingival bleeding, or cheilosis
  4. Patients over 50 who have not had a physical exam or CBC in the last 5 years
21
Q

Indications for a Blood Glucose test =

A
  1. All known diabetics
  2. Patients with a family history of diabetes or any signs or symptoms consistent with diabetes
  3. All asymptomatic patients over 45 who have not had a blood glucose test in the last 3 years
  4. Obese patients
  5. Patients who are members of a high-risk ethnic population
22
Q

A Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C is utilized for:

A

Assessment of long term diabetic control

Indicated for patients who are not responding to treatment and poor diabetic control suspected

23
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and Rheumatoid Factor are evaluated for:

A

TMJ-Related Disorders

24
Q

Young children usually have a ____ lymphocyte count and a ____ neutrophil count than adults

A

Higher

Lower

25
Q

MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) =

A

The average VOLUME of the individual RBCs

  • An INCREASE indicates Macrocytosis
  • A DECREASE indicated Microcytosis
26
Q

MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) =

A

The WEIGHT of hemoglobin in the average RBC

- Not helpful

27
Q

MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) =

A

Estimates the average CONCENTRATION or % of hemoglobin in the average RBC

  • If LOW, RBCs = Hypochromic
  • Should be about 33%
  • Elevated ONLY in Hereditary Spherocytosis
  • Does NOT depend on cell size
  • Macrocytic cells usually have a normal MCHC
28
Q

RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) =

A

The quantitative measure of the amount of variation in size of the RBCs
- HIGHER values = Greater variation in size

29
Q 
Lab tests:
Hemoglobin = Decreased
Hematocrit = Decreased
RBC = Decreased
MCV = Increased
MCH = Increased
MCHC = Normal
A

Macrocytic Anemia (Low Hb + High MCV)

30
Q

Macrocytic Anemia can be caused by:

A
  1. Folic acid deficiency

2. B12 deficiency

31
Q

Causes of Macrocytosis include:

A
  1. Chronic alcoholism
  2. Dilantin therapy
  3. Chronic liver disease
  4. Reticulocytosis or increased number of young RBCs
32
Q 
Lab tests:
Hemoglobin = Decreased
Hematocrit = Decreased
RBC = Normal
MCV = Decreased
MCH = Decreased
MCHC = Decreased
A

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia (Low MCV + Low MCHC)

33
Q

Microcytic Anemia can be caused by:

A
  1. Iron deficiency
  2. Thalassemia
  3. Anemia of chronic disease
    - Uremia
    - Rheumatoid-collagen disease
    - Severe chronic infection

Physical Assessment (3 decks)

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