Exam 2

Question 1

Which one of the following statements about intellectual disabilities (ID) is true?

a. The prevailing opinion is that, for some children, intellectual disabilities are not a permanent condition.
b. How well a person functions has not been shown to be related to supports available in the environment.
c. Professionals are in agreement that the label “mental retardation” (MR) is harmful.
d. Designating someone as having “intellectual disabilities” has become easier.

Answer 1

a.The prevailing opinion is that, for some children, intellectual disabilities are not a permanent condition.

Question 2

Many authorities say that adaptive behavior consists of

A.skills that result in the individual’s achieving a high quality of life.

B. social intelligence and practical intelligence.

C. behaviors that defy definition.

D. IQ and behavior.

Answer 2

B. social intelligence and practical intelligence.

Question 3

The classification system that most school systems use to describe levels of intellectual disabilities is based on

a. reading and math achievement levels.
b. adaptive level.
c. IQ score.
d. the intensity of support needed.

Answer 3

c.IQ score.

Question 4

Current estimates place the prevalence of students identified with intellectual disabilities at approximately

a. 3.5%
b. under 1%.
c. 2.5%
d. 5%.

Answer 4

b. under 1%.

Question 5

In recent years, the percentage of cases in which the cause of intellectual disabilities is known has dramatically increased due to

a. advances in microscopic technology.
b. the mapping of the human genetic code.
c. better assessment practices by teachers.
d. better assessment practices by family physicians.

Answer 5

b. the mapping of the human genetic code.

Question 6

Claudia is a third grader with intellectual disabilities. She has thick epicanthal folds in the corner of her eyes, small stature, decreased muscle tone, speckling of the iris of the eye, a small oral cavity, and short, broad hands with a single palmar crease. These characteristics are typical of

a. cultural-familial intellectual disabilities. 
Correct!
  Down syndrome. 
  fetal alcohol syndrome. 
  Fragile X syndrome.

Answer 6

h

Question 7

Fragile X syndrome occurs more often in

Correct!
  males. 
  first-born offspring. 
  females. 
  twins.

Answer 7

d

Question 8

All states routinely screen for this before babies leave the hospital

  Fragile X syndrome. 
  Down syndrome. 
Correct!
  phenylketonuria. 
  hydrocephalus.

Answer 8

s

Question 9

A surgically placed shunt that drains excess fluid away from the brain is used to treat

meningitis.
microcephalus.
encephalitis.
Correct!
hydrocephalus.

Answer 9

w

Question 10

Fetal alcohol syndrome is classified as resulting from a/an

  chromosomal abnormality. 
  genetic factor. 
  infection. 
Correct!
  environmental hazard.

Answer 10

h

Question 11

Joe, a 15-year-old boy, performs about as well on an intelligence test as an average six-year-old. His IQ is about

  25 
Correct!
  40 
  90 
  60

Answer 11

t

Question 12

Which one of the following statements about intelligence tests is TRUE?

The older the child, the less validity and reliability the test has.
Correct!
All IQ tests are culturally biased to a certain extent.
IQ tests are ideal for assessing a person’s ability to function in society.
An individual’s IQ score does not change from one testing to another.

Answer 12

w

Question 13

How is adaptive behavior typically assessed?

A psychologist observes the student in the classroom.
Correct!
A parent, teacher, or professional answers questions related to the student’s behavior.
The student is asked to perform a series of tasks.
A close friend, chosen by the student, fills out a behavior rating form.

Answer 13

q

Question 14

The ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another task is

  long-term memory. 
  passive memory. 
  active memory. 
Correct!
  working memory.

Answer 14

e

Question 15

A person’s awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task, the ability to plan how to use the strategies, and the evaluation of how well the strategies are working is

Correct!
  metacognition. 
  self-regulation. 
  working memory. 
  perception.

Answer 15

s

Question 16

People with intellectual disabilities are likely to believe they have little control over what happens to them and that they are primarily controlled by other people and events. This belief is

Correct Answer
  due to their histories of failure. 
  due to locus of control. 
  a lack of self-regulation. 
You Answered
  a problem with gullibility.

Answer 16

y

Question 17

A specific and characteristic behavior repertoire associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder is a

Correct!
  behavioral phenotype. 
  behavioral genotype. 
  genetic syndrome. 
  personality characteristic.

Answer 17

y

Question 18

In functional academics, academics are taught in the context of

Correct!
  daily living skills. 
  test-taking, such as the SATs. 
  the common core state standards. 
  the general education curriculum.

Answer 18

s

Question 19

Research has consistently shown that students who are positively reinforced for correct responses

Correct!
learn at a faster rate than when they are not reinforced.
are highly likely to become dependent on reinforcement.
learn at the same rate as when they are not reinforced.
are susceptible to a “rebound effect,” whereby punishment is ineffective.

Answer 19

f

Question 20

Systemic instruction involves the teacher working with the student in the following ways EXCEPT:

a. Monitoring student performance and using that information to make changes to instruction needed.
b. Teaching advanced behaviors before teaching foundational skills.
c. Implementing instruction consistently with respect to such things as sequencing and prompting/cueing.
d. Selecting a well-defined target behavior.

Answer 20

b.Teaching advanced behaviors before teaching foundational skills.

Question 21

Research on classwide peer tutoring (CWPT) to help meet the instructional needs of students with mild mental retardation in inclusive settings shows that, compared to teacher-led instruction, CWPT resulted in each of the following EXCEPT

a. increased amount of engaged academic time.
b. increased academic performance for all students.
c. positive acceptance from the teachers and students.
d. increased academic performance for the students with mild ID only.

Answer 21

d. increased academic performance for the students with mild ID only.

Question 22

Early Childhood programs designed to enhance the development of children already identified with intellectual disabilities place a great deal of emphasis on

a. transitions.
b. language and conceptual development.
c. physical therapy.
d. feeding techniques.

Answer 22

b.language and conceptual development.

Question 23

Most professionals agree that programming for transition to adulthood for students with intellectual disabilities should begin

a. when the student enters high school.
b. at birth.
c. during the elementary years.
d. when students express interest in a vocation.

Answer 23

c.during the elementary years.

Question 24

Researchers have found that such things as the ability to manage money, prepare meals, maintain a clean house, and keep one’s clothing and self well groomed are key factors for

a. functional academics.
b. reaching a state of mindfulness and self-awareness.
c. community adjustment.
d. elementary programming.

Answer 24

c.community adjustment.

Question 25

Employment based on assessment of an individual’s skills and interests is

a. customized employment.
b. supported employment.
c. competitive employment.
d. sheltered employment.

Answer 25

a.customized employment.