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Global Health and Disease > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Respiratory disease

A

SARS

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2
Q

Acute disease

A

SARS

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3
Q

Geographic origin of SARS?

A

Guandong Province (Southern China)

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4
Q

City WOW associated as earliest case of SARS?

A

Fushan

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5
Q

Newly emerging disease developed from a previously unknown disease agent

A

SARS

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6
Q

Hot zones of SARS?

A

China, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Canada

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7
Q

Spread by close contact with an infected person? (coughing and sneezing)

A

SARS

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8
Q

What was central to global diffusion of SARS?

A

Global air traffic

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9
Q

Origin of SARS “outbreak”?

A

Horseshoe bat

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10
Q

What was responsible for the control/elimination of SARS?

A

Global public health

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11
Q

If ____ reemerges it will be a seasonal disease

A

SARS-CoV

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12
Q

Interesting characteristic about SARS?

A

Superspreaders

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13
Q

In addition to respiratory also attacks the gastrointestinal and other organ tracts

A

SARS

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14
Q

SAR injury?

A
  • Cellular destruction due to viral replication
  • Immune hyperactivity
  • Pulmonary epithelial destruction
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15
Q

What is immune hyperactivity?

A
  • Cytokine overproduction

- Macrophage concentration

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16
Q

What is pulmonary epithelial destruction?

A

Alveolar damage

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17
Q

Any non-antibody proteins (ex-lymphokines)

A

Cytokines

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18
Q

Released by cell population on contact with a specific antigen

A

Cytokines

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19
Q

Intercellular mediators

A

Cytokines

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20
Q

Declared contained July 9, 2003

A

SARS

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21
Q

The precise coronavirus that caused SARS is mostly contained within _____laboratories

A

BSL-4

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22
Q

Acute respiratory infection due to influenza virus

A

Influenza

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23
Q

Highly contagious with any contact with secretions or infected person

A

Influenza

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24
Q

Incubation period of influenza?

A

1-5 days

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25
Communicability of influenza?
1-2 days before clinical signs. 4-5 days after onset
26
Timing of Influenza?
Peak Dec-March
27
Some strains of ____cause more severe illness than others
Influenza
28
Symptoms of influenza?
- Sudden onset - Fever, headache, muscle aches, severe weakness - couch, sore throat, difficulty breathing - In children vomiting and diarrhea
29
Type____ Influenza infects animals
A
30
Type ____ Influenza is responsible for pandemics
A
31
Type____ Influenza is seasonal Influenza epidemics
B
32
Type____ Influenza is mild, no concern
C
33
Type____ and ____ Influenza infect only humans no pandemics
B,C
34
Global Surveillance to select strains for annual vaccines is tracked by?
Inflenza virus antigentic drift
35
What is antigenetic drift?
Small changes resulting in mutations that change surface proteins, therefore producing new strains that previous infection doesn't recognize
36
Source of InfluenzaA virus?
Birds
37
Pandemic originating in Kansas?
1918-1919 pandemic
38
Unique characteristic about 1918-1919 pandemic?
Caused high mortality rates among healthy individuals
39
Caused ~50million deaths
1918-1919 pandemic
40
Called the "Mother of all Pandemics"
1918-1919 pandemic
41
A zoonotic disease?
Plague
42
Etiologic agent responsible is yersinia pests bacterium
Plague
43
Etiologic agent for the plague?
Yersinia pestis bacturium
44
Common animal reservoir for Plague?
Rat
45
Vector of the Plague?
flea-Xenopysylla cheopis
46
How do humans get plague from flea?
Moves from gut into human where it suppresses T-lymphocyte activation when it gets in the blood
47
3 strands of Yersinia pestis bacterium?
- Orientalis - Medievalis - Antiqua
48
When it can live within and outside host cells?
Facultative intracellular pathogen
49
Killed an estimated 25-40 million people
Black Death
50
Group responsible for bringing plague into Europe?
Merchants (italian) trading with Asia-brought rats with fleas
51
Modern highest population loss of the Black Death?
France
52
3 forms of plague?
- Septicemic - Bubonic - Pnuemonic
53
3 "great" pandemics?
- Justinian - Black Death - Bombay plague
54
Origin of Justinian plague?
Middle East and Mediterranean
55
Time period of Justinian plague?
6th-8th Century
56
Origin of Black Death?
Northern China
57
Origin of Bombay Plague?
Yunnan Province China
58
Time period of Black Death?
14th-19th Century
59
Plague appeared in US in 19th Century?
Bombay plague
60
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome?
AIDS
61
HIV-__isolated in 1984
1
62
HIV-__isolated in 1986
2
63
Slow virus with a long incubation period?
Lentivirus
64
____ have enveloped RNA genetic material
HIV
65
HIV1 and 2 are ___% similar
40
66
From 1981-2014 ______ have died from AIDS related causes
36 million
67
____million people living with HIV globally in 2014
37 million
68
Incubation period for HIV?
7 years
69
Supposed cause of HIV?
Simian immunodeficiency virus from chimpanzees
70
Progress of HIV infection?
- Acute infection - Chronic lymphadenopathy - Sub-clinical immune dysfunction - Systemic immune deficiency
71
1981 scientist to identify HIV-1?
Anthony Fauci
72
1983 scientist that discovers AIDS related virus LAV?
Lue Montagnier
73
1985 scientists(2) that identify HTLV-III?
Robert Gallo and Anthony Fauci
74
Milder and less virulent HIV?
2
75
Reasons for rapid pandemic development?
- World Airline Routes - Blood and blood products industry - Global diffusion of intravenous drug use

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