Exam 2

Question 1

disease state that results from the presence of pathogens

Occurs as result of a cyclic process

Answer 1

Infection

Question 2

personal contact with an inanimate object

Answer 2

Indirect Contact

Question 3

Vehicles of Transmission…

Answer 3

contaminated blood, food, water

Question 4

mosquitoes, ticks (transmit organisms from one host to another)

Answer 4

Vectors

Question 5

• infected host coughs, sneezes, organism may attach to dust

Answer 5

Airborne Route

Question 6

degree of resistance the potential host has

Answer 6

Susceptibility

Question 7

bacteria under certain conditions may be harmful in susceptible people

Answer 7

Opportunists

Question 8

organism resides in body, no clinical signs of an infection

Answer 8

Colonization

Question 9

originating in the hospital

Answer 9

Nosocomial

Question 10

when organism is acquired from other people

Answer 10

Exogenous

Question 11

comes from microbial life harbored in the person

Answer 11

Endogenous

Question 12

results from a treatment or diagnostic procedure

Answer 12

Latrogenic

Question 13

activities to prevent infection or break the chain of infection

Answer 13

Asepsis

Question 14

reduce the number and transfer of pathogens

Answer 14

Medical Asepsis

Clean Technique

Question 15

practices used to render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms

Answer 15

Surgical Asepsis

Sterile Technique

Question 16

measured in degrees (C), the difference between the amount of heat produced by the body and the amount of heat lost to the environment

Answer 16

Temperature

Question 17

Higher than surface body temp. (rectal or tympanic temps)

Answer 17

Core Body Temperature

Question 18

rapid rate, caused by decreased BP, elevated temp, exercise, pain, strong emotions, medications

Answer 18

Tachycardia

Question 19

rate below 60 beats/min in adult

Causes: hypothermia, specific medications, trained athletes (at rest)

Answer 19

Bradycardia

Question 20

quality of pulse in terms of its fullness usually strong at all areas where an artery can be palpated
absent
diminished (weaker than expected)
brisk (normal)
bounding

Answer 20

Amplitude

Question 21

Pattern of the pulsations and the pauses between

Answer 21

Rhythm

Question 22

irregular pattern of heartbeats

Answer 22

Dysrhythmia

Question 23

assess the pulse by palpating/feeling

Answer 23

Radial Pulse

Question 24

use stethoscope to auscultate the apical pulse

space between 5-6th ribs- 3 in. to left of median line and slightly below nipple

Answer 24

Apical Pulse

Question 25

Increased respiratory rate- caused by increased metabolic rate (fever) any lung condition that results in increased CO2, raises respiratory rate

Answer 25

Tachypnea

Question 26

decrease in respiratory rate- due to depression of the respiratory system: narcotics, intracranial pressure

Answer 26

Bradypnea

Question 27

application of mechanical laws to the human body- use of proper body positions to provide protection from stress of movement and activity

Answer 27

Body Mechanics

Question 28

“practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker in relation to patient care.”

Answer 28

Patient Care Ergonomics

Question 29

patient independently moves joints

Answer 29

active exercise

Question 30

the nurse moves each joint through range of motion

Answer 30

passive exercise

Question 31

permanently contracted state of a muscle

Answer 31

contracture

Question 32

Comonents of Infection Cycle

Answer 32

1. Infectious agent 2. Reservoir  Natural habitat of organism for growth and multiplication • People (carriers of the infectious agent) • Animals 3. Portal of exit  The point of escape for the organism from the reservoir o In people: Respiratory tract 4. Means of transmission 5. Portals of entry 6. Susceptible host

Question 33

Nosocomial Infection

Answer 33

Originating in the hospital

Question 34

Standard Precautions

Answer 34

``` Used in all hospitalized patients regardless of diagnosis or possible infection status apply to •Blood •All body fluids •Secretions/excretions •Nonintact skin and mucous membranes ```

Question 35

Transmission Based Precautions

Answer 35

Airborne – TB, chicken pox, rubeola Droplet – mumps, rubella Contact – MRSA

Question 36

Implement precautions of Isolation

Answer 36

o Follow hand hygiene techniques o Wear clean nonsterile gloves: (change gloves when needed) o Wear PPE (personal protective equipment) gown, mask if splashes / sprays o Follow respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette for pts, family members, visitors o Surgical mask to coughing people o 3 foot separation from patient

Question 37

worn to prevent soiling of healthcare worker’s clothing –barrier protection worn once and discarded before leaving the room

Answer 37

Gowns

Question 38

prevent wearer from inhaling large/small droplets o discourage wearer from touching eyes, nose, and mouth o Filter respirator mask N95 for TB

Answer 38

Mask

Question 39

o Worn once / discarded / hand hygiene o Always change prior to moving from a o contaminated task to a clean one o ** When care activities do not involve soilage of hands with body fluids, gloves are not necessary o never leave the room wearing gloves o write in patients’ chart, use computer keyboard, use cell phones, pages with contaminated gloves

Answer 39

Gloves

Question 40

o Goggles or face shield – must be available and use when risk of contaminating mucous membranes of eyes o Suctioning a tracheostomy o Assisting with invasive procedure

Answer 40

Protective eyewear

Question 41

o 120 - systolic pressure - highest pressure ______ o 80 - diastolic pressure – lowest (heart is resting between beats)

Answer 41

BP

Question 42

Subjective Data

Answer 42

What a patient says about the pain | • Hurts so bad, feels like stabbing pain

Question 43

Objective Data

Answer 43

What’s being observed | • Walks funny, startled awake due to pain, crying

Question 44

Calculate a pulse pressure

Answer 44

difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Question 45

absence of breathing

Answer 45

Apnea

Question 46

Difficult or labored breathing

Answer 46

Dyspnea

Question 47

Type of dyspnea in which breathing is easier when patient sits or stands

Answer 47

Orthopnea

Question 48

temporary fall in blood pressure associated with assuming an upright position; synonym for postural hypotension

Answer 48

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 49

low body temp

Answer 49

Hypothermia

Question 50

force of blood against arterial walls

Answer 50

Blood Pressure

Question 51

least amount of pressure exerted on arterial walls, which occurs when the heart is at rest between ventricular contractions

Answer 51

Diastolic pressure

Question 52

condition where body temp is elevated

Answer 52

Febrile

Question 53

Hypertension

Answer 53

BP elevated above upper limit of normal

Question 54

Hypotension

Answer 54

BP below lower limit of normal