Exam 2 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Class II malocclusion
Upper jaw is protruded and lower jaw is receded ( overbite)
Class III malocclusion
Lower jaw out, upper jaw in – underbite
Most frequent error for children with ID
Consonant deletion
Children with hearing loss
Omission of initial and final consonants Many diphthong/vowels substitution Inappropriate prosody Pitch too high/low More frequent pause Even thesis Hypernasiality Produce consonants/vowels distortions
Ankyloglossia ( tongue-tie)
When frenulum is attached too close to tip of tongue and
Normal free tip to produce /t, d/
Glossectomy
Partial or whole removal of tongue due to cancer
Variables related to speech sound learning
Anatomical, neurological and physiological variable Motor skills Hearing loss Auditory discrimination Oral sensation Language skills Personal characteristic Genetic Tongue thrust
Lips
Articulatory of sound speech
/p,b,m/
Consonants and vowels that require lips rounding
Teeth
Production of bilabial /f,v/
Lingual dental / th/
Alveolar /s,z/
Velopharyngeal inadequacy
Difficulty closing nasal resulting hypernasality
Substitute stops: /p,b,t and d / with glottal stop
Substitute /k,g/ with pharyngeal stop
Substitute fricative and affricative with pharyngeal fricative
Substitute sibilant with velar fricative
Stubstitue /t,d,k,and g/ with mid dorsal palatial stop
Dysarthria
Speech disorder associated with central or peripheral nervous system damage
Weak uncoordinated muscle
Paralyzed speech muscles
Cerebral palsy
No progressive neuroma tour disorder that causes communication and articulation problem
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS)
Speech disorder result from CNS.
Peripheral mechanic is normal but speech motor program including Broca’s area are damaged
Tongue thrust
Refers to certain manner of swallowing and togue placement in oral cavity during rest.
Characterize by:
Forward gesture of tongue during swallowing; tip of tongue in contact with lower lip; mandible open
Fronting of tongue during speech
Articulation errors: /s,z,l/
Interdental errors:/t,d,n,l/
Pidgin
Simplified and limited verbal language develope out of necessary when two community with no common language are forced by circumstances
Creole
More complex system of primary communication with own phonological, semantic, syntax rules
Consider assessment and treatment of children speaking AAE
Check with caregivers and community
Give standarized test and score in dialect sensitive manners
DELV assessment
Transfer
A structure in 2nd language is influence directly by language structure in Lang 1
2 kind of bilingual
Sucessive and simultaneously
Define class I malocclusion
Arches are aligned properly,but some individual teeth are misaligned
Children all over globe exhibit phonological processes
Consonant cluster reduction
Fronting of velar
Stoping of fricative
Phonological characteristics of Spanish
Spanish has 5 vowels while English has 15
Spanish 18 consonants, they English 24
No th, z, v, x
No s cluster
Assessment of Spanish
Make sure interpreter speak same dialect
Get conversational sample
Bilingual children may exhibit errors that are different from monolingual spanish or English speaking children
Need to describe pattern of interferences and describe dialects that we see
5 influencing factors use of AAE
- Age- younger children use it more
- Social status-low income sES use it more than middle or upper
- Geographic location- more in the south
- Education- less in highly recommend educated family
- Gender- more in boys than girls
