Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Jazz > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is swing?

A

In the 1930s and contained reeds, brass, and rhythm. It retained rhythmic contrast, bluesy phrasing, and balance between improvisation and composition. It was commercial, had clearly defined melodies, and dance grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The Big Bands

A

Jazz moved to the dance halls and became the most lucrative form of jazz. Arrangers needed to write out the parts for each instrument and keep the orchestra organized and playing together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What were the most prolific swing band leaders?

A

Duke Ellington, Fletcher Henderson, Benny Goodman, and Chick Webb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

American Culture that bounded Swing?

A
  1. The Great Depression

2. World War II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was the Great Depression?

A

Stock market crash known as “Black Tuesday”. Lasted until 1939 and led to international depression. Worsened by dust bowl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

World War II

A

Pearl Harbor bombed Dec 7, 1941 by Japanese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Savoy’s Dance Style = Lindy Hop

A

Savoy responsible for developing the Lindy Hop, which was named after pilot Charles Lindbergh. Known for “breakaways”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Swing Dance

A

Swing dance emerged in New York at the Savoy Ballroom. It is where battle of big bands emerged.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Instrumentation of Big Bands

A

Upright bass, Guitar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Soli

A

Arrangers started writing harmonized melodies for entire big band sections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Head Arrangements:

A

Technique popular among Kansas City Musicians, in which musicians would create a riff and then harmonize it for the entire band. One of the most famous band leaders to use it was Count Basie.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

King of Swing

A

Benny Goodman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Benny Goodman

A

“King of Swing”. Clarinetist and Child Prodigy from Chicago. Moved to NY, formed big band, bought arrangements from fletcher Henderson and other African American band leaders. Featured in radio show Lets Dance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Benny Goodman Quartet

A

One of the first integrated groups in jazz history. Mostly known as a recording group. “Dinah”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hammond

A

Jazz Entrepreneur. Responsible for numerous recordings. Kept extensive records of jazz recordings. Started trend of create research discographies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Artie Shaw

A

Clarinetist, studied with pianist Willie “The Lion” Smith. Began Career in radio. Recorded “Begin the Beguine”. Stood against segregation by hiring black arrangers and musicians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Jimmie Lunceford

A

“The Professor”. Stressed 3 Ps. Punctuality, Precision, and Presentation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Glenn Miller

A

Trombonist, Sax section with clarinet on top. Served in arm band and went missing in airplane over English channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cab Calloway

A

The Alabamians, Replaced Ellington at The Cotton Club, Later appeared in films. Hired Chu berry, Dizzy Gillespie, and Cozy Cole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Boswell Sisters

A

Connie, Martha, Helvetia. All female singers. Connie was primary arranger. Disbanded when Helvetia got married.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Delta Rhythm Boys

A

Directed by Lee Gaines. Appeared in Motion pictures. Formed at Langston University.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where was the Southwest’s Urban Headquarters?

A

Kansas City

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tom Pendergast

A

Crime ring leader. Ties to mod and ran KCs politics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Kansas City Blues Piano Style was also known as

A

Boogie Woogie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Boogie Woogie
Blue piano style built on firm rhythmic foundation in the left hand. Doubled the pace of the groove. Divided each beat in two, so the four beat measure now has eight beat pulse.
26
Three Giants of Boogie Woogie
1. Meade Lux Lewis 2. Albert Ammons 3. Pete Johnson
27
Café Society
Social catalyst of equal opportunity for African American women in Jazz. Club owner was Barney Josephson, theme was political satire, and John Hammond was music advisor
28
Count Basie
Famous KC band leader. Pipe organ with fats waller. Meningitis. Joined Blue Devils
29
Benny Moten
Led prosperous band in KC region. Ragtime Pianist. Allegiance with Tom Pendergast. Rift style swing. Band w/ Walter Page, Count Basie, Hot Lips Page.
30
Basie then forms his own band
After Moten's death, Basie retreated to Reno Club and formed his own band with several of Moten's former musicians. Originally the group only had 9 musicians
31
Count Basie
"One O' clock Jump"
32
Shifts in the Music
By mid 1940s there was a shift that took place in jazz. Big band was replaced by interest in small groups that included extended improvisations
33
Saxophone
Popular because of its similarity to the human voice
34
Coleman Hawkins
Tenor Saxophone. Changed the way improvisation was thought about. He moved the emphasis away from embellishing the melody to embellishing the chords. he would use arpeggios. Lived in Europe and spread jazz there. Returned to US due to WWII
35
Arpeggios
a technique in which a chord's notes are played one at a time
36
Jazz Overseas
Serious Art, Black artists, illegal in soviet union and Germany.
37
Ben Webster
Born in KC. "The Brute" for aggressive in early years. Joined Benny Moten's band
38
Lester Young
Softer more melodic sound of Saxophone. Inventor of Cool Jazz. Billy Holiday and Young became friends
39
Lester Young and Hawkins' improvisational approaches
Young: Melodic paraphrase, Liberal attitude, and idea of cool Hawkins: Arpgeggiated chords
40
Roy Eldridge
Trumpet player, high notes and fast playing. "Little Jazz". Henderson's band. One of first black musicians to sit in with a white band
41
Django Reinhardt
Romani Culture in Belgium, settled in Paris. Learned banjo and guitar. Suffered injury in fire. Developed way to play single notes and chords with only two fingers and thumb.
42
Duke Ellington
Cotton Club, replaced Fletcher Henderson. Would pay musicians with own money. Disliked word "Jazz". Relied on his insticts and worked to bands capabilities. His recording had 3 minute limit.
43
Harry Carney
"The Youth". Joined Ellington. Had deep, rich sonority.
44
Cootie Williams
Joined Ellington. Had growling sound.
45
Barney Gignard
Saxophonist for Ellington.
46
Don Redman
Arranger/Composer and created first big band with Fletcher Henderson
47
Billy Strayhorn
Joined Ellington band as composer/arranger/pianist Wored so closely with Ellington that it is difficult to separate their work Composed "The A-Train" the band theme song
48
Pitting Saxes Vs. the brass
Having saxes and brass play competing melodies at the same time
49
Voicing Across Sections
Played by combination of instruments drawn from different sections
50
Hot band:
Afro-American musicians; driving swing, more improve, count basie orchestra
51
Sweet band:
white musicians, stiff swing feel, more arrangement, glenn miller orchestra
52
Crossover BB:
AA musicians integrated into white band
53
Territory Bands
Groups of musicians hired by the theater owner's booking association to travel to small cities and towns to play. Would get mixed up. Based in KC but traveled
54
Minton's
A place where musicians would meet to have jam sessions hired a rhythm section to play for musicians
55
Decline of swing Era:
American Federation of Musicians ban members from recording now instrumental music popular singers take the place of instrumental music by 1942, all efforts of common citizens went to war effect
56
Charlie Parker
Innovation of Beebop. Played sax, ability to double time
57
Dizzy Gillespie
Trumpet player who worked on the same ideas a C. Parker. Has bob-style big band. Cuban Music. Rise to bebop at Minton Playhouse
58
Evolution of Beebop
evolved from improve clubs like Mintons; more about the art and music rather than entertainment and dancing; musicians weeded out people who couldn't play it
59
Bob Style Characteristics
small combo, faster temp, showing off their talent, improve and surprise valued highly, lot like modern jazz today
60
Contrafract
taking an already written chord progression and adding new melodies
61
Theonous Monk
"High Priest of Bebop". Pianist. Minton's. Arrested w/ bud bowell because of heroin
62
Bud Bowell
Snuck into music venues at night to play. Unstable in and out of mental institutions
63
Bexter Gordan
Father of a doctor. Played with Lionel Hampton band.
64
What is Cool Jazz and where did it come from?
Softer and Melodic aesthetic. Odd time signatures from Dave Brubeck, Classical Instrumentation.
65
Lennie Tristano
Pianst/Composer. Experimented with free Jazz. Recordings with Sextet. Founded musical school of Jazz in NY
66
Tadd Dameron
Limited piano technique. Used Latin Rhythms. Roost Club. Sparse but Lush chord voicing's prefigured the cool sound of the west coast.
67
Gerry Mulligan
Saxophone, Warm soft style, Leader in west coast cool jazz style. One of the most successful jazz artists of the decade.
68
Hardbop timeline
1955-1965, MLK I have a dream speech, sputnik, Birth Control, Assassination of Kennedy, Cold War, Vietnam
69
Art Blakey
Created first Jazz messenger band w/ 17 musicians
70
Horace Silver
Originator of Hardbop. Awarded president merit award.
71
Sonny Rollins
Savory Ballroom. Known for daring improve style, no accompaniment. Most popular tenor saxophonist. Played on Williamsburg bridge during retirement
72
Billie Holiday
Female singer. Played w/ benny goodman band. Apollo Theatre. Singer with emotional pain. Blues
73
Ella Fitzgerald
Irrepressible spirit of musical joy. Savory Ballroom. Cries and Low growls. Apollo theatre. Chunkier girl
74
Art Tatum
Stride Pianist from Toledo
75
Kenny Clarke
Drummer who "dropped bombs" at Minton's

Jazz (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions