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Med Con 2 Kelly > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

enlargement of cardiac sphincter

stomach protrudes into opening into thoracic cavity

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2
Q

Gastrointestinal reflux disease

GERD

A

inflammation of esophagus

result of irritating fluids

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3
Q

Varices

A

dilation of veins in lower 1/3 of esophagus
result of liver disease
vesicles progress > varies form and can rupture

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4
Q

Acute gastritis

A

inflammation of stomach lining

in conjunction with serious illness, stress or NSAID use

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5
Q

Risk factors of acute gastritis

A

> 65 years old
hx of ulcer disease
using NSAIDs >3months
high dose multiple NSAIDs

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6
Q

S/s of Varices

A

painless but massive hematemesis w/ or w/o melena

postural tachycardia w/ shock

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7
Q

s/s of acute gastritis

A 
epigastric pain
feeling of abdominal distention
appetite loss
nausea
Occult (lead to bleeds)
heart burn, low grade fever, vomit
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8
Q

s/s of chronic gastritis

A

possibly asymptomatic
indigestion after eating
intrinsic factor not present

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9
Q

Peptic Ulcer disease (PUD)

A

break in gastric mucosa or duodenal mucosa
caused by gastritis
duodenal most common

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10
Q

Which patients are most likely to contract peptic ulcer disease?

A

patients in the ICU with BURNS

this is because the lining of the stomach requires oxygen and the burns have caused damage and severe lack of O2

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11
Q

Most common cause of peptic ulcer disease

A

H. pylori infection

also in gastric cancer

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12
Q

S/s of peptic ulcer

A

epigastric pain (burning gnawing cramping aching)
occurs in lasting waves lasting several minutes
may radiate to the back
nausea
appetite loss and weight loss

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13
Q

Gastric cancer

A

adenocarcinoma >90% of all stomach tumors

Chronic h. pylori infection is strong risk factor

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14
Q

Risk factors for gastric cancer

A 
type A blood
gastric polups
gastric surgery
dietary consumption of smoked meats and fish
duodenal reflux
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15
Q

S/s of gastric cancer

A

epigastric or back pain
dark gray brown leathery areas of the skin (in the folds)
noticeable palpation of LEFT supraclavicular lymph nodes
edema on left

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16
Q

Virchow’s

A

noticeable palpation of the L suprclavicular lymph node

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17
Q

Paraneoplastic acanthosis

A

dark gray brown leathery areas of the skin

usually in the folds of the skin

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18
Q

Auto immune disorders

A

productions of antibodies to an endogenous antigen

no explicitly known etiology

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19
Q

A chronic muscle pain syndrome

not considered a disease

A

Fibromyalgia

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20
Q

diffuse fibrosis, degenerative changes, vascular abnormalities of the skin are all symptoms of this…?

A

Scleroderma

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21
Q

chronic inflammatory connective tissue disorder of unknown cause

A

SLE (lupus)

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22
Q

Fibromyalgia symptoms

A 
multiple tender points and muscle pain
disturbed sleep
morning fatigue and stiff
agg. with stress, emotion, temp
chronic headaches***
dysmennorhea 
exercise intolerance
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23
Q

Symptoms of Scleroderma

A 
Calcinosis
Raynauds - blanching, cyanosis
Esophageal dysmobility 
Sclerodactyly - constrict tendons
Telangiectasia - dilated capillaries
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24
Q

Symptoms of Lupus

A 
Arthritis 
arthralgias 
headaches, siezures, psychosis, cranial or peripheral neuropathy 
Digital vasiculitis 
malar rash
discoid lesions
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25
discoid lesions
raised red scaling lesions on face neck or chest
26
digital vasculitis
brown splinters under nails
27
Diagnosis of lupus
``` Must have 4 of the following: red malaria rash sensitivity to sunlight mouth sores joint inflammation kidney dysfunction Low WBC, RBC Positive ANA ```
28
Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia
following 3 conditions are met: widespread pain index symptoms present >3 months no other explanation for pain
29
Gout
rheumatic or metabolic disease acute or chronic arthritis from hyperuricemic body fluids deposits in joints
30
Ankylosis spondylitis
inflammation of axial skeleton and larger peripheral joints males have SIJ presentation NOT in fingers or toes
31
Psoriatic arthritis
rheumatoid like arthritis associated with psoriasis of the skin
32
Rheumatoid arthritis
chronic systemic disorder affects synovial membrane and articular cartilage
33
Symptoms of Gout
deposits in the joints patients MUST NOT weight bear
34
S/S of Ankylosis spondylitis
insidious onset of low back pain, hip pain decreased chest excursion decreased spinal mobility increased kyphosis, vertebral fusion bamboo spine
35
S/s of Rheumatoid arthritis
``` marginal boney erosion problems sleeping chest pain eye discharge calcification at elbows takes longer than 30 min to relieve stiffness ```
36
Common signs of gastrointestinal disorders
``` nausea and vomiting diarrhea anorexia constipation dysphagia Achalasia heart burn and abdominal pain ```
37
Botulism
results of ingestion of neurotoxin
38
S/S of Botulism
bloody diarrhea, dehydration weight loss, fever, nausea abdominal pain, Weakness, parasthesia, cranial nerve palsy***
39
C diff
replaces normal GI flora, releases toxins damaging intestinal mucosa
40
S/s of C diff
voluminous watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps | tenderness, fever
41
Irritable bowel syndrome
NO INFLAMMATION abnormal intestinal contractions increased GI sensitivity
42
Inflammatory bowel disease
Crohns or Ulcerative colitis inflammation in the GI tract (vary depending on type)
43
Diverticulitis S/s
pain in left quadrant or mid abdominal refers to back or pelvis alternating constipation and diarrhea, increased flatus, anemia, bloody stools
44
cyotoxic reaction to exogenous conditions
Type II Hypersensitivity
45
antibody antigen complex causing vasculitis
Type III Hyper sensitivity
46
Delayed hypersensitivity caused by contact dermatitis
Type IV hypersensitivity
47
Primary symptoms of neoplasms of the esophagus
dysphagia without pain (heartburn when laying down)
48
primary sign of peptic ulcer
epigastric pain (burning, gnawing, cramping)
49
Steatorrhea
oily stool | possibly a symptom in malabsorption
50
Malabsorption syndromes
``` celiacs cystic fibrosis crohns disease chronic pancreatitis short gut syndrome ```
51
rigid board abdomen with positive blumberg sign due to infection inflammation of lining
Peritonitis
52
enlarged prostate cells causing pressure on urethra
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
53
BPH S/s
progress to UTI | hydroureter or hydronephrosis
54
hydroureter
so much pressure on the urethra that you lose that ability to push urine out
55
hydronephrosis
urine backs up into kidney and enlarges kidney | causes damage and death
56
most common cancer in males, high fat diets, issues with urinary output, asymptomatic
prostate cancer
57
most common cancer in YOUNG males
testicular cancer
58
S/s of testicular cancer
initially painless enlargement of testicles lumbar pain METS in lungs may cause cough and dyspnea
59
inflammation of prostate
prostatitis
60
differences between acute and chronic prostatitis
acute: sudden, abdominal pain, scrotal pain, FEVER, infection chronic: similar but w/o fever, flare ups
61
testicular torsion
abnormal twisting of spermatic cord in testes route heavy lifting medical emergency
62
endometriosis
lining of the uterus grows outside of it | painful, inflammation, infertility
63
S/s of ovarian cancer
silent disease abdominal bloating, discomfort flatulence and gastritis abnormal vaginal bleeding, leg pain, pelvic pain, LBP
64
uterine fibroids
noncancerous growths inside the uterine itself
65
uterine cancer
most common cancer of reproductive organs | risks: HTN and diabetes
66
S/s of uterine cancer
abnormal bleeding | LE swelling
67
cervical cancer
HPV risk factor | bowel and bladder dysfunction
68
Fibrocystic disease
lumps in or around the breast tissue bilateral pain and tenderness - especially during menstruation
69
most common female cancer
breast cancer
70
S/s of breast cancer
painless lump dimpling or retraction of breast tissue nipple discharge palpable axillary lymphnodes
71
ovarian cystic disease
cysts in the ovary that can rupture and cause intense abdominal pain painful urination, bowels, and intercourse
72
Polycystic ovary disease
enlarged ovaries containing fluids obesity risk factor (facial factors i.e. acne, hair) dysmenorrhea
73
type of ectopic pregnancy that results in child outside the uterine cavity
Tubal pregnancy medical emergency
74
S/s of ectopic pregnancy
possible kehrs sign irregular bleeding pelvic pain
75
Pancreas functions (2 types)
exocrine: produce digestion fluids endocrine: secrete glucagon and insulin
76
Functions of Gallbladder
holds/ expels bile
77
S/s of liver disease
``` R quadrant pain R shoulder pain R pain in general Ascites light stools dark urine ```
78
Jaundice
damage to liver hyperbilirubene excessive bilirubin >.1 -1 yellow color to skin and eyes
79
Ascites
portal hypertension venous return isn't going to the liver big belly SOB with pressure on lungs
80
possible complications associated with ascites
pneumonia | peritonitis
81
Hep A
Arby's | restaurants / not washing hands
82
Hep B
Bangin | STD
83
Hep C
Crack | drugs and needles
84
Hep D
"super whore wants the D" | worse version of B
85
Hep E
Ecoli | contaminated water
86
Hep G
in Africa
87
We get a vaccination for all Heps except?
Hep C
88
Cirrhosis is associated with
prolonged ETOH use
89
portal hypertension
venous system complications dark urine light feces

Med Con 2 Kelly (3 decks)

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