Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Schemas
A
rules governing motor performance
2
Q
Generalized Motor Programs
A
a program that produces flexible and novel movements in various demensions
3
Q
2 Types of Errors
A
technical or tactical error
4
Q
Technical Error
A
error in performing the desired skill
5
Q
Tactical Error
A
execute correctly but at wrong time or in the wrong environment
6
Q
2 Types of Memory
A
recall memory or recognition
7
Q
Recall Memory
A
responsible for generation of the impulses to the muscles that carry out the movements
8
Q
Recognition Memory
A
responsible for the evaluation of the response
9
Q
2 Types of Schemas
A
recall or recognition
10
Q
Recall Schema
A
is a set of rules that selects parameter values for specific movement and initiates the goal-directed performance
11
Q
2 Aspects to Practice
A
number of trials and variability of practice
12
Q
Number of Trials
A
lots of practice
13
Q
Variability of Practice
A
for open and changing environments
14
Q
Recognition Schema
A
is a set of rules used to assess and compare outcome with parameters selected, using sensory information to store future corrections
15
Q
Efference Copy of Errors
A
copy of motor responses in the CNS
16
Q
All Motor Skills Are Comprised of 4 Actions
A
- Response Specifications
- Initial Conditions
- Actual Outcomes
- Sensory Consequences
17
Q
Response Specifications
A
what one needs to do to perform the actual movement
18
Q
Initial Conditions
A
location in space, environmental state
19
Q
Actual Outcomes
A
knowledge of results
20
Q
Sensory Consequences
A
kinesthesis et al.
21
Q
Practice Schedules
A
- Block
- Serial
- Random
22
Q
Block
A
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23
Q
Serial
A
834834834
24
Q
Random
A
38293629364
25
Gentile 2 Stages
- getting the idea of the movement
| - fixation and diversification
26
Getting the Idea of the Movement
discriminate relative environmental factors
- regulatory conditions
- non-regulatory conditions
27
Fixation and Diversification
- fixation
| - diversification
28
Fixation
correctly, consistently, efficiently, perform
29
Diversification
- adaptability (performance for that environment)
- be consistent in achieving goal
- economy of effort
30
Record of Performance
- error index (how many errors you made)
- accuracy index (how many you got right)
- objective (ex. amount of weight lifted)
31
Linear Curve
- never occur
- every measurement =positive change
- every x = consistent change in y
32
Negatively Accelerated Curve
- for simple skills
- easy skill
- skill way beneath level of proficiency
33
Positively Accelerated Curve
- difficult task
- complex task
- tasks beyond your current capabilities
34
S Shaped Curve
- most common
| - performance is fluating due to many POVs
35
3 Time Performance Levels
- plateau
- asymptotes
- ceiling/flooring effect
36
Plateau, Asymptoes, Ceiling/Flooring Effect
leveling off in performance
37
Plateau
due to POV's
38
POV's
1. correctly identify the POV
2. intervene with an evidence based intervention
3. implement some strategy based on evidence and evaluate
39
Asymptoes
due to being in the final autonomous phase
40
Ceiling/Flooring Effect
due to a flaw in the artifact in the scoring situation
| -floor effect is the same but the result is getting better
41
Deciding Tasks
1. Objective
2. Valid
3. Reliable
4. How much you practice before the test
5. what are you going to test
6. how you are going to measure
7. performance artifacts
8. what conditions are you gonna test them
42
Objective
can 2 or more people measure it and come to the same conclusion
43
Valid
does it measure what it is suppose to measure
44
Reliable
can the measurement be repeated
45
Performance Artifacts
POVs and how you deal with them
46
number of "tests"
highest estimation of change and highest estimation of reliability
-3-5 or 4-6 best number of points
47
Perception
cognitive process, CNS, 2 or more steps
48
Sensations
single step and it simply activities of sense organs
49
5 Step Process - Sally and Gardner
- perceptional expect
- attending
- receiving
- trial and checking
- consolidate the stimuli
50
Perceptional Expect
preparatory stage
51
Attending
direct your attention toward where you think the stimuli to be
52
Receiving
actual neurological activity and experience sensations
53
Trial and Checking
verify and analyze what you sense by comparing to past information
54
Consolidate the Stimuli
- give meaning
- make sense
- generate response
55
Hierarchy to Perceptional Process
- detection
- discrimination
- recognition
- identification
56
Detection
detecting stimuli and making sense of it
57
Discrimination
difference between two or more stimuli when presented at the same time
58
Recognition
difference between two or more objects at different times
59
Identification
unique or novel stimuli
60
Reflex Time
from the time the stimulus is presented until the movement is initiated with no will, no judgement or perceiver, no learning
61
Reaction Time
moment the stimulus is presented until you make the initial movement with will
62
Simple Reaction Time
one stimulus and one correct response
63
Choice Reaction Time
more than one stimulus and you have to make the one correct response choice
64
Movement Time
moment you initiated movement to the time that the movement is completed
65
Response Time
moment stimulus presented to movement is completed
66
Pre-Motor Time
processes you attend to before you move
67
Motor Time
anything that occurs after first initial movement
68
Anticipation Timing
coordinate and synchronize a motor response with some external event
69
Receptor Anticipation
client has to assess duration of external events
70
Effector Anticipation
how long it takes to execute what you need to execute to respond to the receptor
71
Coincident Timing
whole thing of receptor and effector anticipation
72
Perceptional Anticipation
highly dependent on learning and I have to learn to look for regularity and consistency of the stimulus
73
Internal Timing
how long the proper sequencing of movement is needed
74
External Timing
proper sequencing so that it coincides with the external event
75
Why Anticipate?
- move before
- action plan
- faster and more accurate decision making
76
Improve Anticipate
- access and address the most important cue
- teach clients to predict and know opponents tendencies
- understand the probabilities of certain events
77
Errors in Anticipation
- incorrectly anticipation = slower reaction time
- inaccurate read of environment then the performer has to make up ground
- major contributor to bad habits
78
Types of Anticipation
Spatial or Temporal Anticipation
79
Spatial Anticipation
what will hapenn
80
Temporal Anticipation
when environmental events occur
81
Processing/Attention
controlled or automatic
82
Controlled
effort full, slow, attention demanding, sequential, occurs before or after processing events, voluntary, easily disrupted
83
Automatic
faster, doesn't demand much attention, little interference, occurs in parallel function, involuntary, highly practice, proficient, expert
84
Information Processing Under High Arousal
- perceptional narrowing
- cue utilization few important cues of if too relaxed you take in too many cues
- increase rigid attention
- revert to attention strength
85
Psychology Refractory Period
delay in responding to the second of the two closely spaced stimuli
86
Double Stimulation Paradigm
- makes fakes realistic so the performer has to execute a response
- execute so the fake occurs and then the more planned desirable movement occurs next
- motor program
87
Hick's Law
- as the number of alternatives increase the amount of time to prepare an appropriate response also increases
- as the predictable increases the reaction time goes down
- action preparation means the action occurs between the intent and the intention
88
Cost Benefit Trade Off
- 50/50
- 80%
- 20%
89
50/50
of perceiving correctly ( go or no go response)
| -you will read as though it is a 2 choice reaction time
90
80%
chance of being correct
| -faster reaction time for opponent
91
20%
guessed wrong
| -more ground to make up and slower
92
Vigelance
maintaining attention in a performance situation in which stimuli requiring your response happens infrequently
93
Visual Acuity
degree of detail you can see
94
Dynamic Visual Acuity
degree of detail you can see when the object is moving
95
Field of/ Peripheral Vision
that which you can see without changing your field of vision
96
Depth Perception
ability to judge distance between the object and the backdrop
97
Monocular Cues
one eye
98
Binocular Cues
two eyes
99
Figure Ground
ability to distinguish the object from the background
100
Field Independent
object then the background
101
Field Dependent
more influenced by the background
102
Visual Tracking
ability to follow a moving object
103
Visual Centering
focus your attention to where your center of gravity is
104
Hard Focus
one specific focal point
105
Soft Focus
more inclusive non specific focus
106
Glare Resistance
resistance to bright lights
- light colored eyes are more susceptible
- not trainable
- behavioral cope with it
107
Speed of Visual Preception
time it takes to identify some stimuli in the environment
108
Visual Search
the process of directing your visual attention to locate relevant environmental information to help you prepare and perform an action
109
Eye Dominance
visual equivalent of handiness and it control our ability to aim and direct our focus
- 85% dextal (right and right)
- 15% cross-dextal (right and left)
110
3 Invariant Features of GMP
- relative time
- relative force
- order of sequence of components
111
Relative Time
proportion of total time required by each of the various components of the skill
112
Relative Force
varies depending on action
113
Order of Sequence of Components
timing and correct order
