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Environmental Science > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

3 types of biodiversity

A

Genetic, species, ecological

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2
Q

Genetic biodiversity

A

Variety of genes within a species

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3
Q

Species biodiversity

A

Variety of organisms within individual communities or ecosystems

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4
Q

Ecological biodiversity

A

The complexity of the environment

Ex: habitats, trophic levels, and sustainable food webs

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5
Q

Species richness

A

The number of species in a community

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6
Q

Species evenness

A

The number of individuals within a species

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7
Q

What can happen with a significant imbalance in biodiversity?

A

Unstable environment

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8
Q

Example of unstable environment

A

Too many deer can result in too much grazing. This can result in a decrease in plant and animal diversity.

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9
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

A species which others depend on to survive

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10
Q

How is the otter a keystone species?

A

They eat sea urchins that graze on giant kelp.

?

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11
Q

What is a flagship species?

A

A species selected as a symbol or icon for a defined habitat, issue, campaign, or environmental cause.

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12
Q

Example of flagship species

A

Northern Spotted Owl

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13
Q

What is an indicator species?

A

Species chosen as an indicator of the state of an ecosystem.

“early warning system”

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14
Q

Example of indicator species

A

Amphibians, because they live in two environments (land and water).

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15
Q

Why are a lot of amphibians good?

A

Good for humans because they absorb toxins and disease through skin. This means more are surviving.

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16
Q

What does HIPPO stand for?

A 
Habitat loss
Invasive species
Pollution
Population (human)
Overharvesting
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17
Q

What 6 countries together have half of the world’s forests?

A 
Russia
Canada
Brazil
United States
China
Dominican Republic of the Congo
Australia
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18
Q

Where are the worlds largest areas of tropical forests?

A

South America

22%

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19
Q

What are the 4 vital ecological services provided by forests?

A

Regulating climate through carbon recycling

Controlling water runoff

Reduced soil erosion

Providing wildlife habitat

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20
Q

What country is the worlds leading producer of palm oil?

A

Indonesia

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21
Q

What does Indonesia rank in world population?

A

4

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22
Q

3 main approaches to human population management

A

Implement immediate global birth control measures.

Enjoy the economic benefits of a large population.

Equal financial opportunity across all income categories.

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23
Q

As age to marriage increases, education ____.

A

Increases

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24
Q

As education increases, financial security ____.

A

Increases

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25
As financial security increases, life expectancy _____.
Increases
26
As life expectancy increases, fertility rates ____.
Decrease
27
Two reasons to conserve biodiversity
Wild organisms provide genetic material to the human food supply. Outdoor recreation industry. Natural pest control.
28
A con regarding land for Virunga Mountain Gorilla
3 countries, difficult to negotiate
29
What promotes poaching for Virunga Mountain Gorilla?
Employee poverty
30
A solution to poaching the Virunga Mountain Gorilla
Increase enforcement and increase employee wages
31
What is the biggest threat of control to the Virunga Mountain Gorilla?
Militia and Rwanda immigrants
32
How many Virunga Mountain Gorillas are there?
250 to 300
33
How many guards protect the Virunga Mountain Gorilla?
80
34
What does the war cause in civilization in the land of Virunga Mountain Gorilla?
Civil unrest
35
What does tourism do for the land of Virunga Mountain Gorilla?
Bring money to road construction for the city and electricity
36
What do the Virunga Mountain Gorilla represent for the city?
Positive public imagery
37
Who are the employees for the park of the Virunga Mountain Gorilla?
The locals
38
What do local employees do for the city?
Bring money back into the city
39
Where do the black-crested macaque live?
Indonesia
40
How many black-crested macaque are left?
2,000
41
How do black-crested macaque help the forest?
Spreading fruit seeds
42
What is the primary threat to black-crested macaque?
Harvested illegally for bushmeat, from lack of enforcement
43
What is the solution to preserve black-crested macaque?
Educate local children and characterize the monkeys
44
What does Indonesia rank in rainforest coverage?
3rd After Brazil and DRC
45
Where is the Gorongosa National Park?
Mozambique
46
What is the main threat to Gorongosa National Park?
Lack of tourism
47
What is a solution to make the Gorongosa National Park better?
Bring in more animals to bring in more tourism
48
What do banks do with underdeveloped countries' debt?
Hold their debt, then sell it to other countries at a reduced rate
49
What do countries do when they buy debt from the debtor country?
Have debtor country agree to protect and/or restore the area
50
Why was China's One Child Policy implemented?
Population control
51
How much money did the fees bring in?
$2.7 billion
52
Exceptions to China's One Child Policy
Ethnic minorities and farm labor
53
What was the effect to the population from China's One Child Policy?
Dramatic decrease in population
54
3 unintended consequences of China's One Child Policy
More males than females. Labor shortage. Abortions.
55
What is the current status of China's One Child Policy?
The policy has ended
56
Where are the Virunga Mountain Gorillas live?
Virunga National Park, DRC
57
Where is the Elwah River?
Olympic National Park, Washington
58
How do the salmon in the Elwha River help the environment?
Food for consumption. | Their decayed bones create soil.
59
What was the Elwha River restoration project?
Remove the dam from the 1900's
60
What is the keystone species in the Elwha River
Salmon
61
What percentage of forests cover the world?
29%
62
6 benefits of wetlands
``` Erosion control Flood control Natural filter Wildlife habitat Recreation Education ```
63
How are Asian carp kept out of the Great Lakes?
They feel uncomfortable going through the electric waves in the canal and turn around. Or bait and catch them.

Environmental Science (4 decks)

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