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Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Length of Biological Cycle

Cattle

A

24-26 Months

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2
Q

Length of Biological Production Cycle

Swine

A

Approx. 10 months

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3
Q

Length of Biological Production Cycle

Sheep

A

Approx. 12 months

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4
Q

Length of Biological Production Cycle

Poultry

A

3 1/2 months

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5
Q

Age and Weight at Harvest

Cattle

A

1000-1250 lbs

12-15 months

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6
Q

Age and Weight at Harvest

Swine

A

230-290 lbs

less than 180 days

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7
Q

Age and Weight at Harvest

Lamb

A

90-130 lbs

Approx 8 months

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8
Q

Age and Weight at Harvest

Poultry

A

5 lbs - 45 days

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9
Q

Age and Weight at Harvest

Turkey

A

32 lbs

18 weeks

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10
Q

Vertical Coordination

A

Organizing, synchronizing, and orchestrating of products

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11
Q

Vertical Integration

A

Control of 2 adjacent stages in the vertical marketing channel

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12
Q

Contract Integration

A

One firm contracts another

Most common

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13
Q

Ownership Integration

A

One firm owns most resources in both adjacent stages

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14
Q

Strategic Alliance

A

partnerships between various independent segments of an industry to maximize return on an investment

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15
Q

Frame Size

A

the weight at which, under normal feeding and management practices, an animal will produce a carcass that will grade Choice

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16
Q

Thickness

A

muscle to bone ratio and at a given degree of fatness to carcass yield grade

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17
Q

Primal Cut

A

Large section of a carcass from which retail cuts are made

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18
Q

Wast Fat vs. Taste Fat

A

External Fat and KPH vs. Marbling

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19
Q

Lamb vs. Mutton

A

Maturity

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20
Q

Lamb Quality Grades

A 
Prime
Choice
Good
Utility
Cull
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21
Q

Swine Grades

A

Includes both Yield and Fat Thickness
U.S. no 1-4
Utility

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22
Q

Poultry Grades

A

A B C
applies to
Chicken, turkey, duck, goose, guinea, and pigeon

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23
Q

Egg Grades

A

AA, A, B

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24
Q

Weight Classes of Eggs

A 
Jumbo
Extra Large
Large
Medium
Small
Peewee
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25
Standard shrink in cattle
4% in older animal directly from feedlot 3% growing animal 2% weaning animal
26
6 Classes of Nutrients
``` Water Protein Minerals Carbohydrates Lipids Vitamins ```
27
Water
Nutrient needed in the largest amount
28
Protein
Amino Acids PVT MAT HLL
29
Nonessential amino acid
An amino acid the body can create itself
30
Essential amino acid
An amino acid that must be supplemented
31
Amino Acids in Ruminants
No amino acid requirement | Vitamin B and K supplied in the rumen
32
Minerals
Macro measured in % | Micro measured in ppm
33
Carbohydrates
starch and cellulose
34
Starch
easily digestable
35
Cellulose
digestible by ruminants | need bacteria to breakdown cellulose
36
Lipids
Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
37
Vitamins
Fat soluble: A D E K | Water soluble: B and C
38
Nutrition
the study of how the body uses the nutrients in a diet or ration to sustain life of a specified function
39
Nutrient
any chemical element obtained from the diet used in the body to support normal life processes
40
Diet
A balanced mixture of feedstuffs which will nourish the animal for more than 24 hrs
41
Ration
amount of feed consumed by an animal in 24 hrs
42
Balance Ration
one which provides an animal with proper amounts and proportions of all required nutrients for 24 hrs
43
Digestion
the breakdown of food by the digestive system in preparation for absorption
44
Prehension
means an animal uses to bring food into its mouth
45
Mastication/Chewing
involves the vertical and lateral action of the jaw and teeth to crush food
46
Salivation
includes secretion and mixing of saliva with food
47
Deglutition/Swallowing
passing of food and water from the mouth to the first stomach compartment
48
Micturition
Urination
49
Defecation
the discharge of excrement from the body
50
Ruminant
cud-chewing, even toed, hooved animal 4 compartment stomachs regurgitate ingested material from the reticulum and re-masticate their food
51
Ruminore
Chew again
52
Pseudoruminants
cud chewing animals with feet that resemble pads more than hooves 3 compartment stomachs
53
Rumination
process of bringing food materials back up from the ruminant stomach
54
Eructation
Belching
55
Bloat
Occurrence where the eructation mechanism is impaired or inhibited and the rate of gas production exceeds the animal's ability to expel the gas
56
Colic
Upset Stomach
57
Chyme
semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum
58
Coprophagy
consumption of feces
59
Pica
eating of non foods such as dirt, sand, twigs, etc
60
Reticular or Esophageal Groove
muscular structure at the lower end of the esophagus that, when closed, forms a tube allowing milk to go directly into the abomasum
61
Animal Unit
a unit expressing the feed requirements of different kinds of domestic animal on a common scale
62
Dry Matter
feed excluding its water content
63
Calorie
energy needed to increase the temp of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius
64
Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA)
Acetic Propionic Butyric
65
Energy use in the body
``` Maintenance Growth Lactation Fetal Growth Breeding Body Reserve ```
66
Process of rumination
Regurgitation Remastication Reinsalvation Redegutition
67
Reticulum
Honey comb | Fermentation vat
68
Rumen
Shag Carpet | Fermentation Vat
69
Omasum
Folds | Water absorption
70
Abomasum
true stomach
71
Segments of Small Intestine
Duodenum Ieiunum Ileum
72
Duodernum
connects to the stomach
73
Ieiunum
middle section of the Small Intestine
74
Ileum
Connects to the cecum
75
Segments of the Large Intestine
Cecum (hind gut fermentation) Colon Rectum
76
Small intestine is the primary site for the DIGESTION of:
Proteins Non-fiberous CHO's Lipids
77
Small intestine is the primary site for ABSORPTION of :
Amino Acids Monosaccharides Long Chain Fatty Acids VFA's
78
Gross Energy
Available energy which is dependent on the chemical compostition of the feedstuff
79
Digestible Energy
Gross energy of feed minus the energy in feces
80
Metabolizable Energy
Digestible energy minus energy excreted in urine and gases
81
Net Energy
Metabolizable energy minus the heat produced during digestion of feed used for maintenance and production
82
Microbial Fermentation
Synthesizes: all amino acids all B and K vitamins Saturates all fatty acids
83
Feed Tag Guaranteed Analysis
Crude Protein Crude Fat Crude Fiber

ANSI (2 decks)

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