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Animal Breeding > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

2 Breed specific AxB

A 
Individual HV: 100%
Maternal HV: 0%
Complementarity: full
Replacement females: no
Management Difficulty: low
Uniformity of Progeny: high
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2
Q

3 breed specific C x AB

A 
Individual HV: 100% 
Maternal HV:  100%
Complementarity: full
Replacement females: no
Management Difficulty: low
Uniformity of Progeny: high
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3
Q

Backcross

A 
Individual HV: 50%
Maternal HV: 100%
Complementarity: some
Replacement females: no
Management Difficulty: low
Uniformity of Progeny: high
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4
Q

2 breed rotation

A 
Individual HV: 67%
Maternal HV: 67%
Complementarity: none
Replacement females: yes
Management Difficulty: medium
Uniformity of Progeny: low
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5
Q

3 breed rotation

A 
Individual HV: 86%
Maternal HV: 86% 
Complementarity: none
Replacement females: yes
Management Difficulty: high
Uniformity of Progeny: low
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6
Q

Composite ⅜ A - ⅝ B

A 
Individual HV: variable 40-80%
Maternal HV: variable 40-80%
Complementarity: none
Replacement females: yes
Management Difficulty: low
Uniformity of Progeny: high
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7
Q

3 breed rotaterminal

A 
Individual HV: 100%
Maternal HV: 67%
Complementarity: full
Replacement females: yes
Management Difficulty: high
Uniformity of Progeny: medium
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8
Q

Half sib mating

A

R= .25

F=.125

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9
Q

Full sib mating

A 
R= .5
F= .25
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10
Q

Sire x Daughter mating

A 
R= .5
F= .25
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11
Q

Inbreeding

A

The mating of relatives

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12
Q

Common ancestor

A

An ancestor common to more than one individual

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13
Q

Prepotency

A

The ability of an individual to produce progeny whose performance is especially is especially like its own and or is especially uniform

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14
Q

Inbreeding depression

A

The reverse of hybrid vigor- a decrease i the performance of inbreds, most noticeably in traits like fertility and survivability

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15
Q

Hybrid vigor

A

An increase in the performance of hybrids over that of purebreds, most noticeably in traits like fertility and survivability

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16
Q

Fitness trait

A

The ability of an individual and its corresponding phenotype and genotype to contribute offspring to the next generation

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17
Q

Inbreeding coefficient

A

A measure of the level of inbreeding in an individual

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18
Q

Identical by decent

A

Two genes are identical by descent if they are copies of a single ancestral gene

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19
Q

Alike in state

A

Genes that are alike in state function the same and have exactly or almost exactly the same chemical structure

20
Q

Wright’s Coefficient

A

A measure of pedigree relationship

21
Q

Base population

A

The population of animals whose parents are either unknown or ignored for the purposes of inbreeding or relationship calculation

22
Q

Linebreeding

A

The mating of individuals within a particular line, designed to maintain a substantial degree of relationship to a highly regarded ancestor or group of ancestors without causing high levels of inbreeding

23
Q

Pure breeding

A

The mating of purebreds of the same breed

24
Q

Outbreeding

A

The mating of unrelated individuals

25
Q

Individual hybrid vigor

A

Hybrid vigor for the direct component of a trait

26
Q

Maternal Hybrid Vigor

A

Hybrid vigor for the maternal component of a trait

27
Q

Paternal Hybrid Vigor

A

Hybrid vigor paternal component of a trait

28
Q

F1 Hybrid Vigor

A

Amount of HV obtainable in the first cross individuals; maximum hybrid vigor

29
Q

Retained hybrid vigor

A

Hybrid vigor remaining in later generations of hybrids

30
Q

Recombination loss

A

A loss in gene combination value caused by the gradual breaking up of favorable epistatic blocks of linked loci in advanced generations of certain hybrids

31
Q

Backcross 1

A

The first generation of crosses between hybrids and purebreds of a parent breed or line

32
Q

Degree of backcrossing

A

The proportional amount of backcrossing involved in mating

33
Q

Backcrossing

A

The mating of a hybrid to a purebred of a parent Bree or line.
The mating of an individual to any other individual with which it has one or more ancestral breed or lines in common

34
Q

Cross breeding system

A

A mating system that uses cross breeding to maintain a desirable level of hybrid vigor and breed complementarity

35
Q

Sire x Dam complementarity

A

The classic form of complementarity produced by mating sires strong in paternal traits to dams strong in maternal traits. Offspring inherit superior market characteristics from their sires and benefit from the maternal environment provided by their dams

36
Q

Hybrid seedstock complementarity

A

The form of complementarity produced by crossing genetically divers breeds to create hybrid breeding animals with a desirable combination of breeding values

37
Q

Rotational cross breeding system

A

A cross breeding system in which generations of females are “rotated” among sire breeds in such a way that they are mated t sires whose breed composition is most different from their own

38
Q

Spatial rotation

A

A rotational cross breeding system in which all sire breeds are used simultaneously- they are spatially separated. Replacement females leave the location of their birth to be mated to sires with different breed composition

39
Q

Rotation in Time

A

A rotational cross breeding system in which sire breeds are not used simultaneously, but are introduced in sequence

40
Q

Terminal Sire Crossbreeding System

A

A crossbreeding system in which maternal-breed females are mated to paternal-breed sires to efficiently produce progeny that are especially desirable from a market standpoint. Not kept as replacements

41
Q

Static Terminal System

A

A terminal sire crossbreeding system in which replacement females are either purchased or produced from separate purebred populations within the system

42
Q

Rotational terminal system

A

A crossbreeding system combining a maternal rotation for producing replacement females with terminal sires for producing market offspring

43
Q

Composite Animals

A

A hybrid with at least two and typically more breeds in its background. Expected to be bred to their own kind, retaining a level of hybrid vigor normally associated with traditional crossbreeding system

44
Q

Composite Breed

A

A breed made up of two or more component breeds and designed to benefit from hybrid vigor without crossing with other breeds

45
Q

Pure Composite System

A

A mating system limited to matings within a single composite breed

46
Q

Composite/Terminal System

A

A crossbreeding system combining a maternal composite breed for producing replacement females with terminal sires for producing market offspring

47
Q

Effective pop size

A

the size of a population as reflected by its rate of inbreeding

Animal Breeding (4 decks)

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