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Psych Nursing > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

tolerance

A

a person’s diminished response to a drug that is the result of repeated use. physical effect of repeated use of a drug

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2
Q

dependence

A

physical condition where the body has adapted to the presence of the drug. without the drug the person will experience withdrawals

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3
Q

addiction

A

chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences. uncontrollable or overwhelming need to use a drug

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4
Q

detox

A

period of time it takes for body to withdraw from substance you are abusing. takes days to weeks. helps drug abusers safely stop taking drugs while avoiding dangerous withdrawal symptoms

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5
Q

medications used in detox

A

antidepressants, benzodiazepines, clonidine

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6
Q

CIWA scale

A

Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol, assesses how severe withdrawal symptoms are.

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7
Q

alcohol withdrawal symptoms

A

increased BP/HR, diaphoresis, GI distress, seizures, hallucinations, memory loss, difficulty concentrating

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8
Q

long term physical problems of alcohol

A

liver disease, heart problems, muscle weakness, pancreatitis, nerve damage, ulcers, GI bleeding, vitamin deficiency

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9
Q

delirium tremens

A

severe alcohol withdrawal. global confusion, nightmares, audiitory/visual/tactile hallucinations, sweating high BP/HR, seizures. Death in 1-4% of cases

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10
Q

delirium tremens treatment

A

reduce environmental stimuli, benzodiazepines, Haldol, fluid, thiamine, folic acid (banana bag)

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11
Q

medications for alcohol addiction

A

naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram

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12
Q

naltrexone (Vivitrol)

A

for alcohol or opiate addiction. blocks receptors in brain that produce alcohol’s pleasurable effects. Subdues urge to drink or use opiates. Given IM q 4 weeks

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13
Q

acamprosate (Campral)

A

for alcohol addiction. reduce symptoms of long-lasting withdrawals

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14
Q

disulfiram (Antabuse)

A

for alcohol addiction. interferes with alcohol breakdown. so acetaldehyde builds up in the body and leads to unpleasant reactions

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15
Q

opiate withdrawal s/s

A

cramps, diarrhea, runny/stuffy nose, sweating, chills, yawning, muscle pain, nausea/vomiting, anxiety, cravings, trouble sleeping

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16
Q

COWS (Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale)

A

assess severity of opiate withdrawals

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17
Q

medications for opiate withdrawals

A

clonidine, benzodiazepine, anti-emetics, anti-anxiety, antidepressants

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18
Q

medications for opiate addiction

A

methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone

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19
Q

methadone

A

opiate for opiate addiction.binds to same receptors in brain as heroin and painkillers. suppresses cravings and withdrawal symptoms. clinics dispense it on a daily basis to prevent abuse

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20
Q

buprenorphine (Suboxone)

A

medication for opiate addiction. partial opiate agonist. less likely to be abused than methadone

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21
Q

cage assessment

A

5 item screening for alcohol use disorder

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22
Q

anhedonia

A

common in all types of depressive disorders. loss of interest or pleasure in doing things that you normally enjoy

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23
Q

major depressive disorder criteria

A

determined with PHQ-9. have to meet at least 5 of 9 criteria and symptoms have to be present for at least a 2 week period. at least one symptom is depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure

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24
Q

9 criteria for major depressive disorder

A

depressed mood for most of the days everyday (irritable in children), diminished interest or pleasure in activities, significant wt loss or wt gain (change of more than 5% body wt in a month), insomnia or hypersomnia everday, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, feel worthless or inappropriate guilt, diminished ability to think/concentrate/indecisiveness, suicidal ideation or recurrent thoughts of death

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25
SIG-E-CAPS
mnemonic for criteria for major depressive disorder. Suicide, Interest, Guilt, Energy, Concentration, Appetite, Psychomotor, Sleep/sex
26
dysthymia
depressive disorder. chronic/constant depression, doesnt meet criteria for major depressive disorder
27
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
depressive disorder. mood change r/t menstrual cycles
28
psychobiotics
live organisms (probiotics) that when ingested produce benefits tho people suffering from psychiatric illness
29
bipolar 1 disorder
meet the criteria for at least 1 manic episode. mania. more severe
30
mania
in bipolar 1 disorder. abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood lasting at least one week. inflated self esteem, grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative than usual, distracted easily, flight of ideas, racing thoughts, increase in goal-directed activities, excessive involvement in pleasurable activities
31
DIG-FAST 3
criteria for mania (bipolar 1 disorder). distractibility, irresponsibility, grandiose, flight of ideas, activity/agitation, sleep, talkativeness
32
bipolar 2 disorder
less severe. meet criteria for hypomanic episode. no psychosis, rarely need hospitalization during hypomanic episode, substantial disruption in family, occupation, social
33
hypomania criteria
period of persistently elevated, expansive, irritable mood lasting at least 4 days. . inflated self esteem, grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative than usual, distracted easily, flight of ideas, racing thoughts, increase in goal-directed activities, excessive involvement in pleasurable activities
34
mixed
s/s of both mania and depression are present nearly every day
35
irreversible dementias
alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, Parkinsons
36
major psychiatric disorders
major depressive disorder, schizophrenia
37
schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD)
schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder, other psychotic disorders
38
s/s of catatonic schizophrenia
echolalia, echopraxia, waxy flexibility, automatic obedience
39
echolalia
repetitive speech
40
echopraxia
repetitive movement
41
waxy flexibility
person will stay in position that you move them into
42
automatic obedience
robot like slow movement
43
psychosis
hallucinations or delusions
44
positive symptoms
in schizophrenia, an addition of something. delusions, hallucinations, formal though disorder
45
negative symptoms
in schizophrenia, absent or diminished something. flat affect, alogia, avolition, social withdrawal
46
alogia
lack of speech
47
avolition
lack of purposeful movement
48
cognitive symptoms
in schizophrenia. memory deficits, attention deficits, language difficulties, loss of executive functioning
49
schizoaffective disorder
schizophrenia plus mood disorder (MDD or Bipolar)
50
brief psychotic disorder
schizophrenia lasting one day to less than one month
51
schizophreniform disorder
schizophrenia lasting one month to less than 6 months
52
prodromal phase
phase of schizophrenia. early S/S lasting 1-5 years. red flags such as socially withdrawn, not taking care of ADLs, looks like depression
53
metabolic syndrome
cluster of increased BP, high BG, excess body fat around waist, abnormal cholesterol levels. increased risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Seen at baseline for schizophrenia patients and caused by medications
54
infant-18 month stage
trust vs mistrust
55
18 months-3 years
autonomy vs shame and doubt
56
3-5 years
initiative vs guilt
57
5-13 years
industry vs inferiority
58
11-21
identity vs confusion
59
neurodevelopmental disorders
developmental deficits that impair functioning in multiple areas. intellectual disability, language/speech/communication delay, autistm, ADHD
60
ADHD
up to 11% affected. M>F, decrease in dopamine and norepinephrine in prefrontal cortex, S/S present in at least 2 settings for more than 6 months. present before 12 years old
61
ADHD S/S
inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
62
Autistic Spectrum Disorder / ASD
impairment of social interactions and communication as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests
63
Autism S/S
repetitive behaviors, slow verbal communication, impaired language development, lack of engagement, respond inconsistent to situation.
64
oppositional defiant disorder
irritability and defiance of adults/authority, oppositional, vindictive, hostile, trouble making friends
65
personality
traits, behavior styles an patterns that make up an individual character. genetic and environmental factors, emotional regulation
66
emotional regulation
ability to control the flux and expression of emotion
67
personality disorder
a persistent, maladaptive pattern of thinking, coping OR an enduring pattern of inner experiences and behavior that deviate markedly from the expectations of the culture of the individuals who exhibit it
68
characteristics of personality disorder
lack insight, external response to stress, fail to accept consequences of behavior, chronicity, pervasive, maladaptive, manipulative, narcissistic, impulsive, enduring, inflexible, co-occurring disorders
69
cluster A personality disorder
odd or eccentric. includes paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal
70
cluster B personality disorder
dramatic, emotional, erratic. includes, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
71
cluster C personality disorder
anxious, fearful, insecure. include avoidant, dependent, obsessive compusive
72
ego-dystonic
people who are aware of their problem and are distressed by them
73
ego-syntonic
people who do not think they have a problem
74
stress
demanding situation taxes a persons resources or coping and causes a negative effect
75
Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome
3 stages (depending on length of exposure to stress): 1. alarm - fight or flight 2. resistance - long term metabolic adjustments 3. exhaustion - collapse of system
76
anxiety
varying degrees of uneasiness or discomfort, paired with guilt, doubt, fear and obsessions
77
GAD
excessive worry/anxiety, sleep disturbance, muscle tension, irritability, inability to concentrate, fatigue, restlessness, avoidance of activities with possible negative outcomes, seeks reassurance d/t worry
78
panic disorder/attack
intense fear or discomfort with impending doom. palpitations, pounding heart, increased HR, sweating, trembling, SOB, feeling of choking, chest pain, dizziness, paresthesia
79
phobia
overwhelming fear of a single object, activity or situation
80
agoraphobia
phobia of being alone in open or public places where escape may be difficult
81
specific phobia
phobia of specific object or situation (seeing blood, heights)
82
social phobia
phobia of situation where one might be seen and embarrassed
83
OCD
obsessive intrusive thoughts. fear causes anxiety and compulsive behaviors combat anxiety. unwanted and distressing. are aware of this. will do anything to reduce obsesssion
84
acute stress disorder
occurs within 4 weeks of an event. lasts 3 days to 1 month
85
PTSD
duration is > 1 month. acute is < 3 months. chronic is > 3 months
86
PTSD S/S
distressing memories r/t events, physiological symptoms of stress response, labile mood, cognitive disturbances, hypervigilance, flashbacks
87
PTSD medications
benzodiazepines, SSRI's, TCA's, beta blockers, atypical antipsychotics
88
eating disorders
disturbance in the way that you eat or how you perceive your body weight/shape and how you regulate weight
89
eating disorders risk factors
gender, age, family influence, emotional disorder, dieting, transitions, sports/work, media/society
90
criteria for anorexia
persistent restriction of energy intake (food), intense fear of gaining weight despite being underweight, disturbance in the way one's body weight is experienced, BMI < 18.5. can be restricting or binging/purging
91
criteria for bulimia
recurrent episodes of binging and a sense of lack of control, recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent wt gain (vomiting, laxatives, diuretics), at least 1 time per week for 3 months, self-eval influenced by body shape and weight
92
criteria for binge-eating disorder
recurrent binge eating. episodes associated with eating rapidly, eating until uncomfortably full, eating alone due to embarrassment, feeling disgusted, etc. marked distress, 1 time per week for 3 months
93
BMI overweight
25-29.9
94
BMI obese
>30
95
SANE
sexual assault nurse examiner. identify injuries, assess risk of STD, collect physical evidence, assess risk of pregnancy, give referral

Psych Nursing (2 decks)

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