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Child Psychology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Changes in physical development across generations

A

Secular growth trends

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2
Q

Secrete growth hormones in your sleep

A

Pituitary Gland (master gland)

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3
Q

Placing child to sleep where they will wake up

A

Sleep Routine

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4
Q

Important during infancy when growth is most rapid

A

Nutrition

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5
Q

Advantages to Breastfeeding up to a year

A
  • Easier transition to solid food
  • Child gets sick less often
  • Less contamination
  • Less expensive
  • Intimacy
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6
Q

Disadvantages of Breastfeeding for a year

A
  • Scheduling
  • Difficulties providing
  • Avoiding substances
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7
Q

Small for date due to malnutrition

A

before birth

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8
Q

Small for age malnutrition

A

after birth

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9
Q

Malnutrition is linked to

A

Decreased intelligence
Difficulties paying attention
Cycle of lethargy

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10
Q

Obesity related to

A

Basal metabolic rate
Activity levels
Media influences
External cues EX: parents

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11
Q

Difficulties related to Obesity & Proper treatment

A

Health, Social, Psychological

Self-Monitoring & parent training

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12
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Refusal to eat because of fear of gaining weight
15% below weight
May not chew food

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13
Q

Alternating between binging and purging
May appear to have normal weight
Secretly gore food

A

Bulimia nervosa

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14
Q

11 million children below 4 years old die from

A

Pneumonia
Malaria
Measles

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15
Q

Accidents among children

A

Motor vechiles (most common)
Drowning
Burns
Suffocation

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16
Q

Two ways to study Infant Sensory Development

A

Sampling with behavior tasks & Systematic Observation
NOT:
Self-report & Habituation

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17
Q

Mature at Birth

A

Smell
Touch: pain, temp change, tactile touch
Taste: bitter, sweet, sour, salty

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18
Q

Develops overtime
Fetus can at 7-8 months
4 months: can recognize names
7-8 months: use sounds to locate objects

A

Hearing

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19
Q

Auditory threshold

A

How hearing is measured; test given as a kid

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20
Q

Conductive Deafness

A

Sounds cont get into inner ear

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21
Q

Sensory-neural Deafness

A

Sound in, but can’t be transmitted

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22
Q

Visual acuity

A

Smallest pattern detected

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23
Q

Color Perception

A

Based on wavelength of light

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24
Q

Cones

A

Allow us to see color; located in retinas

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25
Retinal display
Left and right eye see different versions of the same scene
26
Gross motor skills
Large muscles or whole body
27
Fine motor skills
Smaller muscle groups
28
Scheme
Psychological structure used to organize our experiences and incorporate them into how we see the world
29
Assimilation
Incorporating new experiences into schemes
30
Accommodation
Modifying schemes based on experience
31
Equilibration
Recalibrating thinking to a more advanced way of thinking
32
Sensorimotor
Reflexes thinking to Symbolic representation Object Permanence Circular reactions: Primary: own body Second: outside body Tertiary: likes something, do it again with variations
33
Preoperational
Symbolic representation of objects and events Egocentrism: difficulty seeing others POV Centration: concentrating on one aspect of problem and missing relevant info
34
Concrete Operational
Grasp conservation; math transformations
35
Formal Operational
Abstract & if-then thinking
36
Zone of proximal development
Range of learning; child's abilities with and without help
37
Scaffolding
Teaching that matches the amount of help needed
38
Cognitive Assessment Purpose
``` Screening Problem solving Diagnosis Counseling & rehab Progress evaluations ```
39
Cognitive Assessment Guidlines
Not 100% accurate Tests are samples of behavior Assess strengths and weaknesses
40
Cognitive Assessment Controversies
Culturally biased | Stigma of label following children
41
WISC-IV Four Factors
Verbal Knowledge Perceptual Reasoning Working Memory Processing Speed
42
Intelligence
Ability to learn Ability to adapt to new environments Ability to perform abstract thinking
43
Knowledge based thinking
Organizing what we know to problem solve
44
Apprehension
Reflect on past, present, future experiences
45
Fluid analytical reasoning
Abstract thinking
46
Adaptive purposeful striving
Strengths over weaknesses
47
Mental Playfulness
Tolerance of uncertainty and pursuit of newness
48
Idiosyncratic Learning
Try, fail, try again
49
Spearman
General factor of intelligence is responsible for mental performance
50
Thurstone & Thurstone
Multiple intelligence consists of 7 different abilities
51
Carroll
Hierarchical theory compromised to two theories
52
Gardner's Multiple Inteligences
9 distinct intelligences; implicates schools should adjust teaching to child's intellectual strengths
53
Triarchic Theory
HOW we use our intelligence
54
Contextual subtheory
The way we use intelligence in environments
55
Componential subtheory
Breaking down an activity and making strategies
56
Convergent thinking
Getting rid of throw away answers to arrive at correct answer
57
Intelligence test have to be
Reliable: consistent Validity: truthfulness
58
Divergent thinking
Goal is not one single correct answer
59
Mental Retardation
* IQ of 70 or less * Not able to take care of self * Must be present before 18 years of age
60
ADHD
A disorder involving failure of brain circuitry that monitors response inhibition and self-control
61
Hyperactivity & impulsivity
Motor excess, hurried responding & acting before thinking
62
Inattention
Quickly moving from one task to another

Child Psychology (1 decks)

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