Exam #2

Question 1

Where is the temperate zone?

Answer 1

Between Tropic of Cancer and Arctic Circle and Tropic of Capricorn and Antarctic Circle

Question 2

What is a pome?

Example?

Answer 2

Fleshy receptacle w/ tough center core and seeds. (Apple Pear)

Question 3

What is a drupe?

Example?

Answer 3

Fleshy fruit w/ thin skin and central core.

cherry

Question 4

What is grafting?

Answer 4

Reproduction by attaching tissue of one plant to the tissue of another.

Question 5

What is a scion?

Answer 5

shoot w/ axillary/lateral buds that will become fruit producing branch

Question 6

What is a rootstock?

Answer 6

plant on which scions are grafted

Question 7

What are benefits and drawbacks of grafting?

Answer 7

Benefits: consistent fruit and less time to mature
Drawbacks: susceptible to disease

Question 8

Why are pears gritty?

Answer 8

they have clusters of “stone cells”

Question 9

Which continent/ country did apples originate?

Answer 9

Asia - Kazakhstan

Question 10

Which berries come from the heath family?

Answer 10

Cranberries and blueberries

Question 11

Where are the tropics?

Answer 11

Between tropic of cancer and tropic of Capricorn

Question 12

Why type of fruit is citrus? what are the juice sacs?

Answer 12

hesperidium - modified trichomes

Question 13

Where does citrus originate?

Answer 13

SE Asia/ India

Question 14

What are the major types of sweet orange?

Answer 14

Blood, valencia and navle

Question 15

Where did bananas originate? What type of fruit is a banana? What plant hormone stimulates ripening of banana?

Answer 15

• Asia/australia
• berry
• Ethylene

Question 16

What plant family do cereals come from?

Answer 16

Poaceae

Question 17

What is Threshing?

Answer 17

removing bracts from grain

Question 18

What is Winnowing?

Answer 18

separating chaff and grains

Question 19

What is Polishing?

Answer 19

removal of bran and germ

Question 20

What are the two major types of wheat grown?

Answer 20

Durum wheat - low rising bread, pasta

Bread wheat- high rising bread

Question 21

What methods are used to cultivate rice?

Answer 21

Upland: not grown in standing water
Paddy: grown in standing water ( paddies)

Question 22

What is drawback of polishing rice? What disease can you get from relying on polished rice?

Answer 22

Removes vitamin B

Berberi

Question 23

What is corn silk?

Answer 23

long styles

Question 24

Corn tassels?

Answer 24

groups of male flowers

Question 25

What is the ear of corn made of?

Answer 25

Female flowers

Question 26

What plant is wild ancestor of corn?

Answer 26

Teosinte

Question 27

What are some examples of psuedocereals?

Answer 27

Amaranth, Buckwheat and Quinoa

Question 28

Bract-

Answer 28

modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower

Question 29

bran

Answer 29

hard outer layers of cereal grain

Question 30

chaff

Answer 30

dry, scaly protective casings of the seeds of cereal grain

Question 31

endosperm

Answer 31

tissue produced inside the seeds that provides food for seed

Question 32

germ

Answer 32

embryo of a cereal grain

Question 33

grain

Answer 33

fruit of grasses

Question 34

stolon

Answer 34

horizontal stem that grows along ground

Question 35

rhizome

Answer 35

stem of a plant that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes

Question 36

What is a pulse? Where is most of the energy stored in pulses?

Answer 36

seed of legume - cotyledons (seed leaves of embryo)

Question 37

Why did George Washington Carver advocate panting of peanuts?

Answer 37

peanuts enriched depleted soils

Question 38

What are root nodules? Why is process of fixing nitrogen important?

Answer 38

Swelling on root of legume plant containing nitrogen fixing bacteria. Converts it to usable form

Question 39

What are amino acids?

Answer 39

Building blocks of proteins

Question 40

Where did peanuts originate

Answer 40

South America

Question 41

Pros and Cons of GMOs

Answer 41

Pros: Insect/weed resistant and greater yield | Cons-healhtfulness

Question 42

What are forage crops | Examples

Answer 42

grown w/ grasses for animal consumption | alfalfa and clovers

Question 43

What is a biennial plant? examples

Answer 43

Completes life cycle in two years | carrots, beets, radish

Question 44

Where did sweet potatoes originate? what vitamin does it have that is important

Answer 44

South America | Vitamin A

Question 45

What vegetables come from Mustard family? | What compounds give them their distinct flavor?

Answer 45

Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower | Sulfur containing compounds

Question 46

Vegetables from aster family

Answer 46

Lettuce and other leafy greens

Question 47

Why do vegetables from Alium make your eyes water

Answer 47

Sulfuric acid

Question 48

What food is made from taro

Answer 48

Poi

Question 49

what is poisonous compound found in green potatoes

Answer 49

solanine

Question 50

bulb

Answer 50

short, subterranean stem, leaves are modified for food storage garlic, onion

Question 51

corm

Answer 51

upright stem, starch storage | stenajc corm

Question 52

Tuber

Answer 52

short subterranean storage stem | potato

Question 53

what is a vegetable fat

Answer 53

oils high in saturated fat

Question 54

Saturated fat

Answer 54

carbon atom linked by single bonds Animal fats less healthy

Question 55

Unsaturated fats

Answer 55

One or more double bonded carbon bonds Healthier Avocados, plant oils and fish

Question 56

Hydrogenation

Answer 56

hydrogen added to oil to make unsaturated fats- saturated

Question 57

what are two plant oils in the aster family

Answer 57

safflower and sunflower

Question 58

What substance in rapeseed oil is bad for health? what is another name for rapeseed oil?

Answer 58

Euracic acid- Canola oil

Question 59

where does coconut oil come from? Does it contain unsaturated or saturated fats?

Answer 59

the meat or endosperm | saturated fats

Question 60

What is difference between palm oil and palm kernel oil? | What are benefits and drawbacks of these oils

Answer 60

palm- from fruit wall palm kernel- from seed benefits- versatile and high yield drawbacks- enevrionemtnally destructive

Question 61

what part of plant does jojoba oil come from? what animal is similar to it

Answer 61

seeds | sperm whale

Question 62

what other names does essential oils go by? potential functions?

Answer 62

volatile or ethereal oils | pollinator attractants

Question 63

what methods are essential oils extracted?

Answer 63

distillation -liquid to vapor then condensed expression- oils squeezed solvents- oils dissolved from plant tissue

Question 64

Primary Plant product

Answer 64

found in all plant class and necessary for life

Question 65

Secondary plant product

Answer 65

not found in all plant cells or species

Question 66

what is substance in cloves to treat toothaches

Answer 66

eugenol

Question 67

What substance from licorice is dangerous

Answer 67

arethole

Question 68

What does licorice flavor actually come from

Answer 68

anise oil

Question 69

Alkaloid

Answer 69

Diverse group of cyclic compounds that contain nitrogen | (caffeine, nicotine)

Question 70

Glycoside

Answer 70

form of compound w/ sugar attached (cassava and milkweed)

Question 71

snakeroot use

Answer 71

treat schiophenria and high bp

Question 72

white willow use

Answer 72

makes aspirin - inflammation/pain

Question 73

What are opioids also called

Answer 73

narcotics

Question 74

what part of poppy is opium harvested?

Answer 74

dried latex of fruits

Question 75

what are some of the natural alkaloids in opium poppy?

Answer 75

codeine, morphine

Question 76

what is laudanum

Answer 76

opium in alcohol

Question 77

What is hashish

Answer 77

Resin