Exam 2

Question 1

core values

Answer 1

A value especially promoted by a particular culture.

Question 2

link between cultural and self awareness

Answer 2

Because culture is socially constructed and learned rather than biologically inherited, all societies must some- how ensure that culture is adequately transmitted from one generation to the next—a process we have already defined as enculturation.

Question 3

economic system

Answer 3

An organized arrangement for producing, distributing, and consuming goods.

Question 4

marriage

Answer 4

A culturally sanctioned union between two or more people that establishes certain rights and obligations between the people, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws. Such marriage rights and obligations most often include, but are not limited to, sex, labor, property, childrearing, exchange, and status.

Question 5

group marriage

Answer 5

a nonmonogamous marriage-like arrangement between more than two people, where three or more adults live together, all considering themselves partners, sharing finances, children, and household responsibilities.

Question 6

dowry

Answer 6

A payment at the time of a woman’s marriage that comes from her inheritance, made to either her or her husband.

Question 7

ethnic psychosis

Answer 7

A mental disorder specific to a particular cultural group; also known as ethnic psychosis.

Question 8

cultural adaption

Answer 8

Human groups adapt to their environments by means of their cultures. These environments are not always stable; they may change and often do, primarily as a consequence of human activity in the ecosystem. Moreover, people may migrate to a very different environment, requiring an adaptive change. The result is that cultures may slowly develop into a different type over the course of time; they evolve.

Question 9

monogamy

Answer 9

A marriage form in which both partners have just one spouse.

Question 10

prestige economy

Answer 10

no one group owns anything over anyone else

Question 11

polygamy

Answer 11

A marriage form in which one individual has multiple spouses at the same time.

Question 12

leverate

Answer 12

a widow marries her husbands brother.

Question 13

family

Answer 13

a group composed of a woman, her dependent children, and at least one adult man joined through marriage or blood relation.

Question 14

nuclear family

Answer 14

made up of a married couple and their dependent offspring

Question 15

leveling mechanisms

Answer 15

obligations that make it to where no one man can own any more then any one else

Question 16

cultural ecology

Answer 16

the study of culture and its enviroment

Question 17

market exchange

Answer 17

the buying and selling of goods and services with prices set of by rules of supply and demand.

Question 18

sororate

Answer 18

provides that a widower marry his wife sister

Question 19

mahu

Answer 19

hold virtues of both men and women

Question 20

extended family

Answer 20

a collection of nuclear families related by blood that live together

Question 21

gender

Answer 21

refers to the social identities, expectations and privileges different cultures construct for members of the different biological sexes.

Question 22

bride price

Answer 22

compensation of goods/services paid by the grooms family to the brides family.

Question 23

polyandry

Answer 23

when a woman has more then one husband

Question 24

conjugal family

Answer 24

is based on a marriage tie of one or more men married to one or more female .

Question 25

Hijra

Answer 25

have both gentalia or are born men with women features or intersex also known and a third sex

Question 26

patrilocal

Answer 26

where the family live nears the husband family

Question 27

matriocal

Answer 27

wheres the married couple lives in the area of the wife family

Question 28

ambilcoal

Answer 28

where the married couple decides where they live near the families

Question 29

avunculocal

Answer 29

where a couple decides with husbands mothers brother

Question 30

neolocal

Answer 30

where the couple lives away from their relatives

Question 31

money characteristics

Answer 31

durable, transported easily, divisibility, easily and universally recognized, interchangeable.

Question 32

behavioral enviroment

Answer 32

cultural explanation and perception of the physical enviroment.

Question 33

generalized reprocity

Answer 33

neither the value of the gift or nor the time of the repayment is specified

Question 34

negative reprocity

Answer 34

the giver tries to get the better deal or just takes it.

Question 35

balanced reprocity

Answer 35

giving and receiving are specific as is the goods and delivery

Question 36

poltlatch

Answer 36

On the Northwest Coast of North America, an indigenous ceremonial event in which a village chief publicly gives away stockpiled food and other goods that signify wealth.

Question 37

kule ring

Answer 37

A mode of balanced reciprocity that reinforces trade and social relations among the seafaring Melanesians who inhabit a large ring of islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

Question 38

kule ring

Answer 38

A mode of balanced reciprocity that reinforces trade and social relations among the seafaring Melanesians who inhabit a large ring of islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

Question 39

steam engine impact

Answer 39

Once the steam engine was invented, factories could locate anywhere. They no longer had to be near rivers. A second impact of the steam engine on the Industrial Revolution was the impact it had on transportation.

Question 40

forging

Answer 40

use plant and animal resources naturally available in the environment

Question 41

horticulture

Answer 41

production of plants using simple, non mechanized tech.

Question 42

pastoralism

Answer 42

care for domesticated herd animals for dairy and meat.

Question 43

agriculture

Answer 43

the production of plants in a more complex technique that all permanent cultivation

Question 44

intensive agriculture

Answer 44

agricultural growth can result in larger cities with huge populations eventually creating urbanization

Question 45

intensive agriculture

Answer 45

agricultural growth can result in larger cities with huge populations eventually creating urbanization

Question 46

industrialism

Answer 46

use of machine tech and chemical process for the production of food.