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PHAR 501 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Bulk-forming laxative

A

Psyllium

Calcium polycarbophil

Wheat dextrin

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2
Q

Emollient Laxative

A

Docusate

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3
Q

Saline Laxative

A

Magnesium hydroxide

Sodium phosphate enema

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4
Q

Stimulant Laxative

A

Sennosides 8.6mg

Bisacodyl 5mg

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5
Q

Hyperosmotic Laxative

A

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350

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6
Q

Antidiarrheal

A

Loperamide

Bismuth subsalicylate

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7
Q

Probiotic

A

Bifidobacterium infantis

Lactobacillus GG

Saccharomyces boulardii

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8
Q

Antiemetic

A

Phosphorated carbohydrate

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9
Q

Motion Sickness

A

Meclizine

Dimenhydrinate

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10
Q

Medications used for Intestinal Gas

A

Alpha-d-galactosidase

Simethicone

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11
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A

2-4 tablets po q2h prn

treatment

30min / 1hr

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12
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide (Antacid)

A

400-1200 mg po prn up to QID

treatment

30min / 1hr

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13
Q

Antacids

A

Calcium Carbonate

Magnesium Hydroxide

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14
Q

H2RAs

A

Famotidine

Ranitidine

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15
Q

PPI

A

Omeprazole

Esomeprazole

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16
Q

Famotidine

A

10-20 mg po BID

prevention

1hr / 12hrs

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17
Q

Ranitidine

A

75-150 mg po BID

prevention

1hr / 12hrs

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18
Q

Omeprazole

A

20 mg qd for 2 wks

treatment

1hr / 72hrs

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19
Q

Esomeprazole

A

20 mg qd for 2 wks

treatment

1hr / 72hrs

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20
Q

Psyllium

A

2.5-30 g soluble fiber po qd in divided doses

12-24hrs

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21
Q

Calcium polycarbophil

A

1250 mg po 1-4x/day

12-24hrs

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22
Q

Wheat dextrin

A

3 g soluble fiber po up to TID

12-24hrs

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23
Q

Docusate

A

Na: 50-200 mg po qd in 1 or 2 divided doses
Ca: 240 mg po daily

24-72hrs

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24
Q

Magnesium hydroxide (Laxative)

A

2400-4800 mg po once at bedtime

1-6hrs

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25
Sodium phosphate enema
Contents of one 118 mL enema as a single dose pr daily
26
Sennosides 8.6mg
8.6-15 mg po once daily, max 70-100 mg/day po in 2 divided doses
27
Bisacodyl 5mg
5-15 mg po or 10 mg pr in a single dose
28
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350
17 g of powder (1 packet or approximately 1 heaping tablespoon) po daily
29
Loperamide
4 mg po after first loose stool | 2 mg po after each subsequent loose stool (max 16 mg/d)
30
Bismuth subsalicylate
525 mg every 30 min to 1 h prn (max of 8 doses/24 h)
31
Bifidobacterium infantis
Initially, 1 capsule (approximately 1 billion colony-forming units) po daily, may increase to up to 10 billion cfu po daily
32
Lactobacillus GG
Varies from 1 million cfu po 3-4x/d for some products to 900 billion cfu po 3-4x/d
33
Saccharomyces boulardii
250 mg po daily, may increase to 1 g po daily
34
Phosphorated carbohydrate
5-30 mL po q15min until symptoms resolve to max of 5 doses over 1 h
35
Meclizine
25-50 mg po 1 h before departure, may repeat q24h prn (max 50 mg qd)
36
Dimenhydrinate
50-100 mg po 30 min before departure, may repeat q4-6h prn (max of 400 mg qd)
37
Alpha-d-galactosidase (Beano)
300-450 units PO before meals (chewable tablets) | 300 units PO before meals (orally disintegrating tablets)
38
Simethicone (Gas-X)
40-360mg PO QID PC and HS PRN (max 500mg/day)
39
Hydrocortisone
Apply to affected area as needed up to four times a day
40
Emetrol (phosphorated carbohydrates)
Adults: one or two tablespoonsful every 15 min until nausea subsides Children: one or two teaspoonsful every 15 min until nausea subsides
41
Witch hazel 50% (Tucks pads)
Apply to affected area as needed up to six times a day; after bowel movements Astringent
42
Phenylephrine 0.25% (Preparation- H ointment or suppository)
Apply to affected area or insert 1 suppository as needed up to four times a day Vasoconstrictor BEWARE OF HTN
43
Medications for Hemorrhoids
Vasoconstrictor Corticosteroid Vasoconstrictor
44
Medications for Intestinal Gas
Simethicone (Gas-X) | a-d-Galactosidase (Beano)
45
Hydroquinone/Mequinol
Tyrosinase Inhibition
46
Azelaic Acid
Tyrosinase Inhibition | Melanocyte antiproliferation/cytotoxic
47
Retinoids
Reduction in melanosome transfer | Increased keratinocyte turnover
48
Kojic Acid
Tyrosinase Inhibition | Interaction with copper
49
Glycolic Acid
Tyrosinase Inhibition | Increased keratinocyte turnover
50
Alpha-arbutin
Tyrosinase Inhibition
51
Niacinamide
Reduction in melanosome transfer
52
Licorice Extract
Tyrosinase Inhibition
53
Hydroquinone 2%
Treats hyperpigmentation QD or BID PRN Refer to MD if not change in3 months
54
solar Lentigines (age spots
tan to dark brown macules on sun exposed areas Usually on lighter skin
55
Maturational hyperpigmentation (dyschromia)
darkening on lateral aspects of face due to chronic sun exposure usually on darker skins or people with diabetes
56
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
darkening of skin after injury/inflammation
57
Melasma
facial hyperpigmentation on sun exposed areas, often associate with hormonal changes
58
Salicylic Acid
o SA17% in colloidon vehicle; QD-BID up to 12 weeks o SA 12-40% plaster/pad; apply after 48 hrs repeat PRN 12 weeks o SA 14% plaster in k g-g vehicle; apply for 8hr repeat q24h for 12 weeks
59
Cryotherapy
Repeat after 10 days prn up to 3 treatments
60
Minoxidil (Rogaine) 2% or 5%
1x/day or BID 5% suggested for males 2% or 5% for females Must use for minimum 4 months

PHAR 501 (3 decks)

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