Exam #2

Question 1

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

Answer 1

the blood, heart, and blood vessels

Question 2

What anatomical structure in the heart “pulls the valves” ?

Answer 2

chordae tendinae

Question 3

What anatomical structure separates the ventricles in the heart?

Answer 3

interventricular septum

Question 4

What anatomical structure in the heart “lines” the ventricles?

Answer 4

trabeculae carneas

Question 5

What type of blood is pumped through the left ventricle?

Answer 5

oxygenated

Question 6

What valve is located inside the left ventricle?

Answer 6

bicuspid (mitral)

Question 7

What valve is located inside the right ventricle?

Answer 7

tricuspid

Question 8

What part of the heart is mostly seen when opening up the heart such as during heart surgery?

Answer 8

right ventricle

Question 9

What part of the heart is hidden posteriorly when opening up the heart?

Answer 9

left ventricle

Question 10

Where is the heart located?

Answer 10

mediastinum

Question 11

What is the area called from the “sternum to the vertebral column” ?

Answer 11

mediastinum

Question 12

How much mass of the heart sits on the left of the midline?

Answer 12

2/3

Question 13

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

Answer 13

1. Pericardium 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium

Question 14

What layer is the pericardium?

Answer 14

most outer layer

Question 15

What layer is the myocardium?

Answer 15

outer layer (middle)

Question 16

What layer is the endocardium?

Answer 16

inner most layer

Question 17

What is the function/purpose of the pericardium?

Answer 17

anchors and protects

Question 18

What is the purpose of the myocardium?

Answer 18

cardiac muscle layer

bulk of the heart

Question 19

What is the purpose of the endocardium?

Answer 19

chamber lining

valves

Question 20

How many chambers make up the heart?

Answer 20

four

Question 21

What are the chambers of the heart?

Answer 21

2 upper atria

2 lower ventricles

Question 22

What is sulci?

Answer 22

grooves on surface of heart

Question 23

What does sulci contain?

Answer 23

blood vessels, fat

Question 24

What does the sulci function to do?

Answer 24

marks boundaries

Question 25

How many sulcis does the heart contain?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

What are the 3 sulcis of the heart?

Answer 26

1. coronary sulcus 2. anterior interventricular sulcus 3. posterior interventricular sulcus

Question 27

Where is the coronary sulcus located?

Answer 27

between the atria and ventricles

Question 28

Where is the anterior interventricular sulcus located?

Answer 28

between the ventricles anteriorly

Question 29

Where is the posterior interventricular sulcus located?

Answer 29

between the ventricles posteriorly

Question 30

What varies in the heart according to the function of the chamber?

Answer 30

thickness of myocardium

Question 31

What is thin-walled, and deliver blood to adjacent ventricles?

Answer 31

atria

Question 32

How much blood from the atria is delivered from actual contraction?

Answer 32

1/3

Question 33

How much blood from the atria is delivered from pressure differential?

Answer 33

2/3

Question 34

What anatomical structures are much thicker and stronger than the atria?

Answer 34

ventricle walls

Question 35

What anatomical structure supplies blood to the lungs?

Answer 35

right ventricle

Question 36

What anatomical structure is the absolute thickest in order to supply systemic circulation?

Answer 36

left ventricle

Question 37

This structure deals with little flow resistance to do its job?

Answer 37

right ventricle

Question 38

Valves open and close in response to what?

Answer 38

pressure changes

Question 39

Pressure changes in the heart occur from what?

Answer 39

the heart contracting and relaxing

Question 40

When do the AV valves open?

Answer 40

when atrial pressure is higher than ventricular pressure

Question 41

What causes atrial pressure to be higher than ventricular pressure?

Answer 41

ventricles are relaxed chordae tendineae are slack papillary muscles are relaxed

Question 42

The AV valves being opened allows for what?

Answer 42

blood to flow from atria into ventricles

Question 43

What side of the heart communicates with the lungs?

Answer 43

right side

Question 44

What does the "P" represent on an ECG?

Answer 44

atrial depolarization

Question 45

When do the AV valves close?

Answer 45

ventricular pressure is higher than atrial pressure

Question 46

What causes ventricular pressure to be higher than atrial pressure?

Answer 46

ventricles contract

Question 47

What causes the AV valves to close?

Answer 47

pushing valve cusps close chordae tendinae are pulled tight papillary muscles contract to pull cords and prevent cusps from everting (pushing outward)

Question 48

AV valves closing prevent what from occurring?

Answer 48

backflow of blood into atria

Question 49

What does "lub" refer to?

Answer 49

indicates closing of the AV valves

Question 50

What does "dub" refer to?

Answer 50

indicates the closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves

Question 51

What are the two closed circuits in regards to blood circulation?

Answer 51

the systemic and pulmonic

Question 52

What side of the heart is systemic circulation?

Answer 52

left side

Question 53

What does the systemic circulation do?

Answer 53

pumps blood through the body

Question 54

What does the left ventricle pump?

Answer 54

oxygenated blood into aorta

Question 55

With systemic circulation, the aorta branches into what?

Answer 55

many arteries

Question 56

With systemic circulation, the arteries branch into what?

Answer 56

many arterioles in tissue

Question 57

With systemic circulation, the arterioles branch into what?

Answer 57

thin-walled capillaries

Question 58

The arterioles branch into thin-walled capillaries for what?

Answer 58

the exchange of gases and nutrients

Question 59

During systemic circulation, what begins its' return in venules?

Answer 59

deoxygenated blood