Exam 2

Question 1

public opinion

Answer 1

shaped by many factors and sources

perception is reality

Question 2

political pluralism

Answer 2

many conflicting groups have access to government officials that try to influence the shaping of public policy

Question 3

factors that shape public opinion

Answer 3

political socialization
school
economic class
religion
race and ethnicity
geography
group influence
media

Question 4

polls

Answer 4

used to measure public opinion

Question 5

polling sample types

Answer 5

random sample
cluster
quota sampling

Question 6

political socialization

Answer 6

why you have the views/opinions you hold

Question 7

political culture

Answer 7

geography, economy, patterns of immigration all shape a state’s political culture
equality, fairness, justice for all can cause conflict with personal interests

Question 8

Federalist papers

Answer 8

worried about factions

laid the argument for ratification of the constitution

Question 9

Federalist no. 10

Answer 9

addressed factions

Question 10

interest groups

Answer 10

organization of people with shared goals that try to influence public policy

Question 11

Sectional interest group

Answer 11

organized to represent various sections of the population

ex: labor unions, AMA

Question 12

Promotional interest group

Answer 12

public interest groups
–changes or awareness
single/special issue groups
–NRA, NARAL

Question 13

Fire Brigade interest group

Answer 13

come up when there is a major issue

–Iraq war, healthcare reform

Question 14

Lobbying

Answer 14

how interest groups attempt to influence government officials to make decisions favorable to their goals

Question 15

Political Action Committees (PACs)

Answer 15

promotes candidates that best support their interests with monetary support

Question 16

Libel

Answer 16

false statements that harm someone

Hustler v Falwell (1988)

Question 17

“Deep Throat”

Answer 17

source for Watergate Scandal, remained anonymous for 27 years

Question 18

Pentagon Papers

Answer 18

NYT Co. v U.S (1971)
government lied about not knowing how badly lost the Vietnam war was and kept sending in troops. NYT published and gov retaliated so other papers picked it up.

Question 19

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

Answer 19

makes information available to journalists, academics, and the public
anything touched by the president is subject to subpoena if the need arises

Question 20

FCC

Answer 20

licensing (no one owns airways)

decency (free channels are subject, networks must dedicate time to children’s shows)

Question 21

Equal Time Rule

Answer 21

network has to run equal ads for candidates up for re-election if they both want to run ads on the same channel

Question 22

Media effects theories

Answer 22

Minimal effects theory
Social learning theory
Cultivation theory
Agenda setting theory

Question 23

Minimal effects theory

Answer 23

deep seeded political attitudes are already set and thus the media will have a minimal impact

Question 24

Social learning theory

Answer 24

viewers will imitate what they see on screen; especially children

Question 25

Cultivation theory

Answer 25

heavy exposure to TV will influence your worldview

Question 26

Agenda setting theory

Answer 26

media is very influential in telling you what you need to know

Question 27

Functions in Political parties

Answer 27

``` management choice bridge link recruitment staffing reconciliation (not currently practiced) ```

Question 28

Why do we have a 2 party system?

Answer 28

Winner take all system Election laws are hurdles for 3rd parties Centrist Electoral College

Question 29

Realignment elections

Answer 29

``` 1800-Jefferson (1st) 1824-Jackson 1860-Lincoln (republicans) 1896-political parties switched ideologies 1912-Wilson (progressive era) 1932-FDR 1980-Reagan (conservative revolution) 2008-Obama (coalitions) ```

Question 30

Types of 3rd parties

Answer 30

Factional Issue Economic Protest Ideological

Question 31

National Party Organization structure

Answer 31

``` National committee RNC/DNC state central committee district precinct/local ```

Question 32

15th Amendment

Answer 32

1870 | African- Americans given right to vote (men only ofc)

Question 33

19th Amendment

Answer 33

1920 | Women given right to vote

Question 34

23rd Amendment

Answer 34

D.C residents given ability to vote

Question 35

24th Amendment

Answer 35

abolished poll tax

Question 36

26th Amendment

Answer 36

1971 | changed voting age to 18

Question 37

Psychological voting factors

Answer 37

party identification, the candidates, the issues

Question 38

Sociological voting factors

Answer 38

class/income, education, religion, race, geography, primary groups, age, gender

Question 39

Pre-nomination campaign

Answer 39

invisible primary | fight to be seen as legitimate and possible front-runner

Question 40

Nomination campaign

Answer 40

primaries and caucuses | voter registration

Question 41

National Convention

Answer 41

VP selection | need majority of delegate to win party nomination

Question 42

General Election

Answer 42

270/battleground states | many solid red/blue states

Question 43

Electoral College Decision

Answer 43

if the candidate tie in the EC then president is decided by a vote in the HoR with each state getting 1 vote

Question 44

Gerrymandering

Answer 44

redistricting to benefit a party or race | Baker v Carr prohibited gerrymandering based on race; one person, one vote

Question 45

Buckley v Valeo

Answer 45

Buckley was funding his own campaign and SCOTUS ruled that he could because money is speech

Question 46

Citizens United v FEC

Answer 46

ruled corporate contributions to campaigns are free speech