Exam 2

Question 1

Sarcomere

Answer 1

basic structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle

Question 2

Sarcolemma

Answer 2

Cell membrane of skeletal muscle fiber

Question 3

Sarcoplasm

Answer 3

Cytoplasm of skeletal muscle

Question 4

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

ER of skeletal muscle

Stores Calcium

Question 5

Myosin

Answer 5

thick filament

Question 6

Actin

Answer 6

thin filament

Question 7

Z disk

Answer 7

where 2 sarcomeres connect

Question 8

Endomysium

Answer 8

CT surrounding myofibrils

Question 9

Perimysium

Answer 9

CT surrounding fascicle

Question 10

Epimysium

Answer 10

CT surrounding entire muscle

Question 11

H zone

M line

Answer 11

Only myosin is present

Question 12

I band

Answer 12

Only actin is present

light bands

Question 13

A band

Answer 13

Overlap of actin and myosin from end to end

dark bands

Question 14

During contraction:

1) A band
2) H zone
3) I band

Answer 14

1) stays the same size
2) gets smaller
3) gets smaller

Question 15

T-tubules

Answer 15

Important for conduction of electrical excitation

Question 16

Muscle fiber

Answer 16

Sarcomeres laid end to end makes up muscle fibers

Question 17

Structure of muscle biggest to smallest

Answer 17

Muscle
Fascicle
Muscle fiber (surrounded by sarcolemma)
Myofibrils
Filaments

Question 18

Motor unit

Answer 18

One motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 19

Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)

Answer 19

Where motor neuron and muscle meets

Question 20

Creatine phosphate

Answer 20

energy available instantly

stores are depleted quickly so is only good for very short period of time

Question 21

Aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 21

Requires oxygen

Produces 36 ATP per glucose

Question 22

Anaerobic cellular respiration

Answer 22

2 ATPs per glucose

Lactic acid

Question 23

Removal of lactic acid

Answer 23

Requires oxygen

Gets converted back to glucose and is stored

Question 24

Endurance training

Answer 24

increases # of mitochondria
increases ability to get oxygen (lung volume, hemoglobin, etc.)
increases myoglobin

Question 25

Muscle twitch

Answer 25

Contraction of muscle fiber in response to single stimulus

Question 26

Tetany

Answer 26

Full contraction of muscle as strong as it can be

Question 27

Muscle tone

Answer 27

state of partial contraction in resting muscles need it to help you sit up and not flop over keeps muscle ready to respond optimally excitation of alternating motor units need input from CNS

Question 28

Isometric contraction

Answer 28

length of muscle stays the same

Question 29

Isotonic contraction

Answer 29

tension in the muscle stays the same

Question 30

Nerve

Answer 30

has motor and sensory info

Question 31

Damage to dorsal root

Answer 31

no sensory info | movement is indirectly affected

Question 32

Damage to ventral root

Answer 32

no movement | sensory info remains

Question 33

Ganglion

Answer 33

cluster of cells in the periphery

Question 34

Dorsal root ganglion

Answer 34

contains unipolar, sensory afferent neurons

Question 35

Ventral root

Answer 35

carries motor info | cell bodies in CNS-ventral horn of spinal cord

Question 36

Converging neuronal pathway

Answer 36

two or more neurons synapse on same neuron | allows info from more than one pathway to converge into one single pathway

Question 37

Diverging neuronal pathway

Answer 37

axon from one neuron divides and synapse with more than one neuron allows info to be transmitted in one pathway to diverge into two or more pathways

Question 38

Choroid plexus

Answer 38

makes CSF

Question 39

Acetylcholine at the NMJ increases permeability of the muscle cell membrane to

Answer 39

Sodium ions

Question 40

Dorsal and ventral roots combine to form

Answer 40

spinal nerve

Question 41

how many pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 41

31

Question 42

Brachial plexus

Answer 42

C5-T1 | supplies upper limb, shoulder, hand

Question 43

Cervical plexus

Answer 43

C1-C4 phrenic nerve supplies head and neck

Question 44

Lumbosacral plexus

Answer 44

L1-S4 | supplies lower limbs

Question 45

Sacral and Coccygeal plexuses

Answer 45

sciatic nerve | large nerves

Question 46

Arachnoid granulations

Answer 46

absorb CSF and put into general circulation

Question 47

Cerebellum

Answer 47

coordinated movement | learning

Question 48

Thalamus

Answer 48

relay center for all senses except smell

Question 49

CN I

Answer 49

olfactory

Question 50

CN II

Answer 50

optic

Question 51

CN III

Answer 51

oculomotor

Question 52

CN IV

Answer 52

trochlear | eye movement

Question 53

CN V

Answer 53

trigeminal | chemosensory, innervates face

Question 54

CN VI

Answer 54

abducens | eye movement

Question 55

CN VII

Answer 55

facial | taste, tears, saliva, facial expression

Question 56

CN IX

Answer 56

glossopharyngeal | swallowing, saliva, taste

Question 57

CN X

Answer 57

vagus | controls PNS, smooth muscle of GI tract

Question 58

CN XI

Answer 58

accessory | moving head and shoulders, swallowing

Question 59

CN XII

Answer 59

hypoglossal | speech, swallowing

Question 60

CN VIII

Answer 60

Vestibulocochlear